bio ch2
what are the main classes of organic compounds that are essential to the life process of living things and what are they built from
carbohydrates lipids protein nucleic acids and they're built from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what is carbohydrates
are organic compound composed of carbon hydrogen oxygen
why steroids are unlike other lipids?
cuz unlike the others steroids are made of four fused carbon ring with various functional group attached to them
dna and rna are ______ and composed of thousand linked ________ called ________
polymers , monomers, nucleotides
what are the two system that nucleic acid use to store heredity information
binary system and system of four compound
triglyceride , phospholipid , wax are made of what and they are from which catagory ?
tri= 3 fatty acid one glycerol
phospho= 2 fatty and one glycerol
wax= long chain of fatty acid and long chain of alcohol
they are part of lipida
whats fatty acid ?
unbranched carbon chain make up most lipids
what are the properties of the head of fatty acid molecule
the head is polar carboxul,hydrophilic (water loving) and purple
diff between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid
sat. ex palmatic covalently bonded to four atoms
unsat. ex linoleic double bond
fatty acid is water loving and also water fearing in some condition why ?
its water loving cuz carboxyl group attached to one end
its water fearing cuz hyrdocarbon attached to one end
why lipids are differ from others
it doesnt dissolve in water
a fatty acid contains a long straight carbon chain from _ to _ carbons
12 to 28
whats enzyme
organic molecule act as catalysts essential for functioning cell , most of em are protein
number of different amino acids
20
complex amino acid such as ?
simple amino acid such as ?
alanine
glycine
if glycine and alanine bond 2gether the release what
water
proteins are composed of what
carbon hydrogen ocygen nitrogrn
sulfur and phosphate
alcohol methanol also called what
wood alcohol
steroids are found in what
1 male hormone testosterone
2 cholesterol
what is cholesterol
cholesterol is needed by the body for nerve cells and other cells to function normally it is also a component of the cell membrane
nucleotide is made of three components name them
1phosphate group, 2 a five carbon sugar , 3 a ring shape nitrogen base
types of chemical reaction
complex and simple
what is redox reaction
reaction which electron are transferred between atoms
the chemical reaction the two direction arrow indicates what
it indicates that this chemical reaction can proceed either way
how does a chemical reaction happen
in a chemical reaction bond present in the reactant are broken down and the elements are rearranged and new compounds are formed as the product
give example of a chemical reaction that can proceed either way
carbon dioxide and water can combine to form carbonic acid (H2CO3) OR carbonic acid can break down to carbon dioxide and water
what is oxidation reaction
are reacts and loses one or more electrons thus becoming more positive in charge
what is reduction reaction
a reaction gains one or more electron thus becoming more negative
ions have great importance and living organisms give example
1-sodium potassium ions are required for transmission of nervous impulses
2-calcium ion are required for muscular contractions
3-plants absorb essential salts in ionic forms
why does redox reaction always occur together
because an oxidation reaction occurs and the electron given up by one substance is then accepted by another substance in a reduction reaction
the difference between jellyfish and human
the jelly fish will die if it's removed from its water environment but you can live in the driest part of Earth
how humans and jellyfish are similar
the bodies of both are made of cells filled with water
where do chemical reaction of olive in things takes place in
in equeos environment
the pollen nature of water also causes water molecules to be what
to be attracted to one another
define hydrogen Bond
the type of Attraction that holds two water molecules together
what is cohesion
an attraction Force between particles of the same kind
what is adhesion
is the attractive Force between unlike substances
what's an example of cohesion
hydrogen Bond
what's capillarity
together cohesion and adhesion that enable Guatemala custom move upwards to narrow tubes against the force of gravity
how does water change its temperature
water must gain or lose a relatively large amount of energy for its temperature to change
define pH scale
a scale for comparing the relative concentration of hydronium ion and hydroxide ion in a solution
which pH is very acidic and which is very basic and which is neutral
14 is very acidic 7 is neutral zero is very acidic
the control of pH is important for living things give example
for example enzymes can function only within a very narrow pH range
the control of pH an organisms is often accomplished with __
buffers
define buffers
buffers are chemical substances that neutralizes a small amount of either acid or base added to a solution
what's basic and what's acidic
stomach acid and urine ,, intestinal fluid and blood
stomach acid and urine are acidic
an intestinal fluid and blood are basic or alkaline
your body continuously undergoes a serious of chemical reaction in which sugar and other substances are broken down to
carbon dioxide and water and in this process energy is released
reaction within living things are linked to favorable condition they can be linked
the temperature, pH ,and concentration of a salute in a solution
what is the similarity between alcohol and water
the most polar and have the ability to form hydrogen Bond
where is ethanol found in what does it do
how to know this pound and alcoholic beverage and it also causes cell death in the liver and brains of humans
alcohol methanol can cause what
it can cause blindness or even death will consumed
the breakdown of some complex molecules such as polymers occurs to a process known as
hydrolysis
animal store glucose in the form of _
polysaccharide glycogen
what is glycogen
glycogen consist of hundreds of glucose molecules strung together in a highly branched chain