Week 12 - Skin Care 1 - Assignment - Cosmetic Chemistry Part 1 and Part 2
The Role of the FDA or Health Canada is to regulate cosmetics only in terms of safety or claims tf
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_____________________ are ingredients that reduce the surface tension between the skin and the product. They are used to improve the ______________ of skin-care and cosmetic products.
surfectants, spreadability
Antioxidants in skin care can help prevent the product from going rancid or help prevent the skin from being damaged by free radicals. If the antioxidants are to protect the skin they must be encapsulated in a liposome tf
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Almost all skin-care products are a mixture of oil and water. tf
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Soaps and detergents that clean the skin are considered surfactants because they remove oils and other products from the skin. tf
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Soap has a pH of approximately 10 and is alkaline. tf
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A pH of 6 is 10 times more acidic than 7. tf
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A pH range of 0 – 6.9 is considered alkaline and a range of 7.1 – 14 is considered acidic. tf
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Performance agents cause a change in the structure of the skin; while functional agents can only make a change in the skin's appearance. tf
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The MSDS defines cosmetics as articles that are intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled or otherwise applied for cleansing, beautifying, promotion attractiveness or altering the appearance. tf
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An emulsion is a permanent blend of immiscible ingredients that normally don't mix, such as oil and water. A W/O emulsion will consist of oil droplets suspended in a water base and will be more like a lotion. tf
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Pure water has a pH of 7 and is neutral.tf
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Fragrance in a product can be plant, animal or synthetic in origin. tf
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Dimethicone is a humectant in the silicone family and is often used to treat dehydration in oily skin types. tf
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Detergents that are too strong or too concentrated damage the lipid barrier function by removing too much ?
sebum
Buffering or neutralizing agents are added to either raise or lower the pH of the product and keep the pH at safe levels because when the skin is exposed to a pH that is too low or too high it may cause irritation, inflammation, and damage the barrier function. tf
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azulene:
Is a soothing ingredient for clients with sensitive skin
Active agents are the majority of a product and allow products to spread, give body, texture and form. tr
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Glycerin is probably the most widely used humectant because natural forms are available and it easily penetrates the stratum corneum. tf
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The acid mantle of the skin is made from a sebum - sweat combination on the skin's surface and the average acidity or pH level of the skin being rounded up to 5.5 from 5.2 tf
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A liposome is a special shell used in microencapsulation made out of lipid ingredients that closely resemble sebum. tf
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Green tea extract:
Is a soothing ingredient for clients with sensitive skin
Because active ingredients are so potent they are often found higher on an ingredient list which indicates how well the product will do what it says it will. tf
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Sodium PCA is a humectant that is highly effective and is also naturally found in the skin as a Natural Moisturizing Factor or NFF.tf
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Parabens were the favoured preservative for many years as they met the needs of formulators; they were broad spectrum, offered a very long shelf life, and were cheap. However they are less and less being used because educated consumers are rejecting parabens based on research claiming they have estrogenic activity and are a health risk tf
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Detergents in cleansing products have two effects: they reduce the _______________________of dirt and oils, which helps lift them off the skin, and they also cause cleansers to ____________________ .
Surface tension, foam
The action of Hydroxy acids such as betahydroxy and alphahydroxy acids on the skin is to exfoliate the germinativum.tf
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A masking fragrance is used give scent to clay based masks.tf
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The higher the pH of an AHA product the more irritating to the skin it becomes. tf
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A W/O emulsion consists of oil droplets suspended in a water base and will be more like a lotion tf
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Preservatives are added to cosmetic formulations in small amounts because they are a major cause of skin irritation. In a sensitive skin they, along with fragrance, are often removed or minimized from the product formulation if possible to prevent irritation.tf
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With an average pH of approximately 5.5 and a range of 4.5-6, the skin is considered alkaline. tf
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Any formula that incorporates water and/or if the product is likely to be contaminated will need a preservative. While products that don't necessarily require a preservative include water-free products such as balms or oil-based serums, or products that have a very high or low pH.tf
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Chelating Agents Ingredients that bind with metallic ions so they don't adhere to the skin or affect stability and appearance of a product. tf
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Most thickening agents are laboratory designed. tf
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Water is the most commonly used cosmetic ingredient and it functions in cosmetics as a performance agent by replenishing the moisture in the surface of the skin. As a functional agent is acts to help dissolve other ingredients into a solution format that is more readily penetrated into the skin. tf
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Microencapsulation is a process in which an ingredient (such as an antioxidant) is enveloped in a bubble like structure. tf
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The main surfactant used in skin-care products is ? .
detergents
Micro-sponges are tiny spheres with holes in them to release ingredients at appropriate levels or specific times and can also be used to absorb things such as sebum to control oily skin. tf
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The technical term for vitamin E is Tocopherol, for Vitamin A ester is retinyl palmitate, and for Vitamin C ester is Ascorbyl palmitate. All of these are common vitamin anti-oxidants tf
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Delivery systems are used to spread products, deliver ingredients to certain parts of the epidermis, and make products adhere better. tf
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There are many natural preservatives available however, they can seriously affect the texture, colour, scent and cost of products. tf
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