204 (Senses)
What are two types of receptor cells for smell and tastes
Olfactory receptor cells- olfactory epithelium
Taste receptors: in the tongue
How does light travel throught the eye?
Visual stimuli is detected
- Light enters through the cornea, then goes through the aqueous humor, then the lens and vitreous humor to project onto the photo receptors of the retina and then optic nerve and then to the brain
Where do oder molecules from the air dissolve and bind to old factory receptor cells?
Back of the nose, they get stuck in a layer of mucus covering the olfactory epithelium, they dissolve and bind to the olfactory receptor cells.
What are the two routes that are taken by the signal to reach the brain?
Direct route to different regions of the brain
What are the roles of the oldfctory cortex, hypothamus, amygdala and other parts of the limic system in response to the olfactory signals?
-olfactory cortex is vital for processing and perception of oder
- hypothamus is affect feeding, reproductive activity, and autonomic reflexes triggered by olfactory signals
- amygdala direct input from the olfactory bulb via the piriform and periamygdaloid cortex
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Why is taste impacted when a person loses their sense of smell?
How something tastes is closely related with how it smells.
What cranial nerves trasmit taste to the cerebral cortex?
Facial Nerve V, Glossopharyngeal IX, Vagus X
What type of receptors are used to detect touch and where are they located in the skin?
Located in the dermis
Receptors: Tactile and Kinesthetic
What are the 4 general types of informational touch receptors can detect
mechanoreceptors(Touchand presure ect), thermoreceptors(Temperature), pain receptors, and proprioceptors( body in space).
Where does touch sensory information get before it reaches the somatosensory cortext
The Thalmus
Name Three Reasons that touch is an impotant sense
Allows us to detect if something is hot so we do not burn ourselves
Allows us to react if we touch something sharp (withdrawal reflex)
Allows us to detect tactile pressures
What is the vestibular system and what organs are included in this system?
The vestibular system contributes to balance and orientation in space. It is the leading system informing us about movement and position of head relative to gravity. Semicircular canals and the otoliths.
What are some common causes of vestibular dysfunction?
- Virtigo
- Stroke
- Nausea
- injury
What happes when there is a disruption of the vestibular nerve?
It affect Balence and may cause dizziness
Signs and Symptoms of vestibular disorder?
- Dizziness
- Off Balence
- World is Spinning
- Blurred vision
- Disorientated
- Fallin or Stumbling
Treatments for Vestibular Disorder?
- Treating underlyning causes
- Changes in lifestyle
- Epley Maneuver
- Sugury
- Rehab
What is proprioception?
This is the bodys awareness of body orientation and positioning
What is the difference between proprioception and kinethesia?
Proprioception is body ortionation wheres kinesthesia is the bodys perception of movement (mucles,organs, tendons and joints)
What might a patient with proprioceptive issues have difficulty with?
Spatial Awareness, walking, driving
Is proprioception conscious or uncosciuos?
it can be both
What is interoception?
Interoception is associated with autonomic motor control, and is different than mechano-reception (in the skin) and proprioception (in the muscles and joints). Interoception is located in the dorsal posterior insula and it creates distinct feelings from the body including pain, temperature, itch, muscular and visceral sensations, vasomotor activity, hunger, thirst, and the need for air. In humans, the primary interoceptive activity occurs in the right anterior insula, which provides the basis for subjective feelings of ones’ emotional awareness.
What does Interoception detect responses?
- regulation of hunger, heart rate, respiration and elimination
Interoception is associated with?
the autonomic motor control
What types of sensations are interoception responsible for?
Interoception is any signals that comes from within the body examples. Feeling your heart beat, breathing, hunger, need forbowel movement, emotion, pain, temperature, or inchiness.