Olfactory receptor cells- olfactory epithelium
Taste receptors: in the tongue
Visual stimuli is detected
- Light enters through the cornea, then goes through the aqueous humor, then the lens and vitreous humor to project onto the photo receptors of the retina and then optic nerve and then to the brain
Back of the nose, they get stuck in a layer of mucus covering the olfactory epithelium, they dissolve and bind to the olfactory receptor cells.
Direct route to different regions of the brain
-olfactory cortex is vital for processing and perception of oder
- hypothamus is affect feeding, reproductive activity, and autonomic reflexes triggered by olfactory signals
- amygdala direct input from the olfactory bulb via the piriform and periamygdaloid cortex
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How something tastes is closely related with how it smells.
Facial Nerve V, Glossopharyngeal IX, Vagus X
Located in the dermis
Receptors: Tactile and Kinesthetic
The Thalmus
Allows us to detect if something is hot so we do not burn ourselves
Allows us to react if we touch something sharp (withdrawal reflex)
Allows us to detect tactile pressures
The vestibular system contributes to balance and orientation in space. It is the leading system informing us about movement and position of head relative to gravity. Semicircular canals and the otoliths.
- Virtigo
- Stroke
- Nausea
- injury
It affect Balence and may cause dizziness
- Dizziness
- Off Balence
- World is Spinning
- Blurred vision
- Disorientated
- Fallin or Stumbling
- Treating underlyning causes
- Changes in lifestyle
- Epley Maneuver
- Sugury
- Rehab
This is the bodys awareness of body orientation and positioning
Proprioception is body ortionation wheres kinesthesia is the bodys perception of movement (mucles,organs, tendons and joints)
Spatial Awareness, walking, driving
it can be both
Interoception is associated with autonomic motor control, and is different than mechano-reception (in the skin) and proprioception (in the muscles and joints). Interoception is located in the dorsal posterior insula and it creates distinct feelings from the body including pain, temperature, itch, muscular and visceral sensations, vasomotor activity, hunger, thirst, and the need for air. In humans, the primary interoceptive activity occurs in the right anterior insula, which provides the basis for subjective feelings of ones’ emotional awareness.
- regulation of hunger, heart rate, respiration and elimination
the autonomic motor control
Interoception is any signals that comes from within the body examples. Feeling your heart beat, breathing, hunger, need forbowel movement, emotion, pain, temperature, or inchiness.