Chemistry test flashcards term 1a (1a and b)
What are the 3 states of matter?
gas, liquid, solid
describe the arrangement of solids
close together, regular
describe the movement of solids
they vibrate on the spot
describe the attractions of solids
very strong
what are the other qualities of solids? (eg shape,volume,flow,fixed,compression)
yes,yes,no,least,no
What is the arrangement of liquids?
irregular, touching
describe the movement of liquids?
more freely
describe the attraction of liquids?
mediocre
energy, fixed shape, fixed volume, can flow, easily compressed?
relative (mediocre), no, yes, yes, no
describe the arrangement of gas
irregular and not touching
describe the movement of gas
randomly/quickly in all directions
describe the attraction of gas
weak
energy, fixed shape, fixed volume, can flow, easily compressed (gas)
high, no, no, no, yes
what is the change from a gas to a liquid called?
condensation
what is the change from a liquid to a solid called?
freezing
what is the change from a gas to a solid called?
deposition
what is the change from a solid to a gas called?
sublimation
what is the change from a solid to a liquid called?
melting
what is the change from a liquid to a gas called?
evaporation/boiling
what is diffusion?
when a substance goes from an area of high concentration to low concentration by moving around in the brownian motion and spreading out. the hotter it is the quicker it is
what is a solvent?
a liquid that dissolves a solute
what is a solute?
a substance that dissolves (solid or liquid)
what is a solution?
the liquid formed from the solute dissolving in the solvent
what is a saturated solution?
a solution which contains the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature
what is solubility?
this is a physical change rather than a chemical change which is reversible (unit 100g of water)
what goes along the x axis of a solubility curve graph?
temperature (*C)
what goes along the y axis of a solubility curve graph
solubility of 100g water
what is the difference between evaporation and boiling?
evaporation can happen at any temperature and only happens at the surface whereas boiling only happens at the boiling point and happens in the entire substance
what is a volatile element?
a substance that can be boiled at an unusually low temp such as mercury
what is latent heat?
the energy required to break the attraction between particles
why does it show a flatline on the graph after one of the points?
because the energy is being used to break attractions /bonds instead of heating
what does filtration do?
separates a solid from a from a liquid.
how does a filtration system work?
the substance left in the filter paper is called the residue and the liquid that comes through is called the filtrate.
what does crystallisation do?
separates a solute from a solution
how does crystallization work?
solution becomes nearly saturated then dip a glass rod in and see if crystals form on the surface
what does simple distillation do?
separates components of a solution
how does simple distillation work?
solution boils and the water in it(for example) goes back to just water so only salt (for example) is leftover
what does fractional distillation do?
separates a mixture of liquids
how does fractional distillation work?
the different liquids in it will have different boiling points so if you heat it at the right temperature only the one that boils at that temperature will boil
what does chromatography do?
separates a variety of mixtures
how does chromatography work?
different components of the substances you are testing have different rates of solubility so they will spend different amounts of time in the mobile and stationary phase which means some components will travel further up the paper in the example of paper chromatography
what is the difference between pure and impure substances?
impure substances have a wider range of melting temps and tend to happen at a lower temp whereas pure substances dont do either of those things