gas, liquid, solid
close together, regular
they vibrate on the spot
very strong
yes,yes,no,least,no
irregular, touching
more freely
mediocre
relative (mediocre), no, yes, yes, no
irregular and not touching
randomly/quickly in all directions
weak
high, no, no, no, yes
condensation
freezing
deposition
sublimation
melting
evaporation/boiling
when a substance goes from an area of high concentration to low concentration by moving around in the brownian motion and spreading out. the hotter it is the quicker it is
a liquid that dissolves a solute
a substance that dissolves (solid or liquid)
the liquid formed from the solute dissolving in the solvent
a solution which contains the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature
this is a physical change rather than a chemical change which is reversible (unit 100g of water)
temperature (*C)
solubility of 100g water
evaporation can happen at any temperature and only happens at the surface whereas boiling only happens at the boiling point and happens in the entire substance
a substance that can be boiled at an unusually low temp such as mercury
the energy required to break the attraction between particles
because the energy is being used to break attractions /bonds instead of heating
separates a solid from a from a liquid.
the substance left in the filter paper is called the residue and the liquid that comes through is called the filtrate.
separates a solute from a solution
solution becomes nearly saturated then dip a glass rod in and see if crystals form on the surface
separates components of a solution
solution boils and the water in it(for example) goes back to just water so only salt (for example) is leftover
separates a mixture of liquids
the different liquids in it will have different boiling points so if you heat it at the right temperature only the one that boils at that temperature will boil
separates a variety of mixtures
different components of the substances you are testing have different rates of solubility so they will spend different amounts of time in the mobile and stationary phase which means some components will travel further up the paper in the example of paper chromatography
impure substances have a wider range of melting temps and tend to happen at a lower temp whereas pure substances dont do either of those things