Utilisateur
you focus on changes that occjt within populationa
the change in percentages or frequencies of alleles within populations
mutation, gene flow, non-random mating, genetic drift, natural selection
the more generic variation, the greater the chance of a selective advantage, and the greager genetic diversity
mutations
the net movement of alleles from one population to another as a reault of the migration of individuals
mating among individals on the basis of a particular phenotype or due to inbreeding
closely related individuals breed. pure-breeding results in health problems.
the change in frequencies of alleles due to random events in a small breddinf population. (the failure of a few individuals to reproduce intesifies the effects of generic drift)
formed by a few individuals that carrh some alleles. The gene pool is reduced.
A populatkon ia reduced by disease, starvation, or natural catastrophe. gene pool loses lts diversity because of the loss of alleles.
stabilizing
directional
disruptive
gene traits that are selected for by the environment will end up surviving
favours an intermediate phenotype and not extreme phenotypes.
favours the phenotypes at one extreme. (ie: girrafes with long necks)
favojrs two extremes.
competiton between males through combag or vishal displags.
where males and females look verh different
all the alleles of all genes in a population
thwu havw rhe switched tirned on and have the lactase gene
Fossil, Biogeography, Anatomy, Embryology, DNA
fossils that are younger are more similiar to present species (closer to surface)
the study of the past and present geographical distribution of organisms. That species evolved in one location and spread
homologous structures are thosr whi have similiar structure but has different functions or those who have similar functions bjt not a commkn structure
study of pre-birth stages of development. related species share common embryological stages.
soecies whi have similiar DNA share a common ancestor
how certain traits can be favored and the enviornment exerts a pressure on those whodont have a favoured trait
organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
humans affect the pooulstion and alter to their liking
the range of different genetic traits within a species
genetic variation helps species survive due to the various traits they have
formation of new species from existing species.
impede mating between species or prevenr fertilization if different species mate
behavioural, temporal, habitat, mechanical, gametic
two different species prodjce a zygote and prevent hybrids from being fertile
hybrid inviability, hybrid breakdown, hybrid sterlitity
a pattern of evolution in which species that were once similar become less and less alike
a pattern of evolution in which similar traits arise in diff species due to adaptikns to enviornment
populations that live in the same habitat diverge and become reproductively isolated
populations are seperated by a geographical barrier and diverge genetically
sympatric, allopatric
the process in which species are rwpudly diversifyint from the ancestor species
evolutionary change as slow and steady
galapos
On the origin of species
the ability to survive and reproduce
being able to survive in yojr enviornment. the most fit will survive
that species change and give life to new species. fossils show the evolution of soecies overtime. older fossils are less similar to modern day
the remains of plangs and animals in ehicj is buried
the ability for a soecies ti adapt ti their surroundings
similar features that have a common ancestor. Ex: wings of bat and flipper of whale
organs that no lomger have any function ex: appendix
mimicry (looks like a predator) and the english peppered moth
isolation allows for seperstion in the species group leading to the creation of new species
a strucure that has similar function but not from the same ancestor
the model for the slow changes of evolution overtime
the dissaoearance of a species
micro evolution is small changes over short periods while macro is large changes iver long periods
when a bacteria is able to mutate and overcome the medication lesding to antibiotic resistance. happens if too overuse the drug
when your bodh doesnt produce lactase and cant break fown the protein in lactose
that species were extinct by catastroohic events like flooding
believed in natural selection. biological evolution by natural selection. believed in gradualism as well. apecies adapt and change to their environment and some are favored ti survive
that aquired traits are inheritable. its called lamarkism
malthiusm. a theory that populations are greatee than accesible recourses
the formation of Earth's crust took place through countless small changes occurring over vast periods of time, all according to known natural laws. His "uniformitarian"
disruptive, directionsl, stabilizing