supply
what are the 3 structural dimension of the sc?
horizontal structure, vertical structure and horizontal position.
decisions stages of the scm?
supply chain strategy, sc planning, sc operation
what are process views of a sc?
cycle view, push/pull view
what are sc macro processes?
customer relationship management, internal sc management, suppliers relationship management
which are the sc strategies?
competitive strategy, product development, marketing and sales and sc strategy
what is the customer/sc uncertainity?
quantity of product in eache lot, responsive time that the customers tolerate, service level required, variety of products, price and innovation of the product
name the types of customer/s.c. uncertainty
demand uncertainty: uncertainty of customer demand for a product.
implied demand uncertainty: uncertainty for only the portion of demand that the sc plans to satisfy.
Efficient sc.design is optimal for stable supply and functional products are?
high predictable demand, low margins, infrequent product introductions (limited variety), competitive priorities, price sensitivity.
responsive sc.design is optimal for evolving supply conditions and innovative products how?
unpredictable demand, frequent product introductions, high margins, competitive priorities.
what's tailoring the sc?
achieve strategic fit while serving many customers segments with a variety of products. it requires sharing operations for some links in the supply chain
which are the scopes ofvstrategic fit?
intraoperation scope (minimize local costs), interfuncional scope (minimizing functional costs), intefunctional scope (maximizing company profits), intercompany (maximuzing sc surplus), agile intercompany scope (achieve strategic fit when partnering with sc stages that change).
which are the sourcing decision in a sc?
purchasing (acquire raw materials, components, products, services,...)
sourching (entire set of business required to purchase goods and services)
outsourching (sc fubctions performed by third parties)
which are tje factors influencinf growth of surplus by a 3rd party?
scale (if the scale is not large, 3rd party can achieve economy of scale)
uncertainty (a 3rd part can increase the surplus through aggregation)
specifity of assets (if assets are specific to a firm, a 3rd party is unlikely to increase the surplus)-> site specifity (close proximity); physical asset specifity (assets designed for the particular transaction); dedicated assets (satisfy a single buyer); human asset specifity (skills, know-how,...)
cost and quantity of avaiable capital (3rd party can have avaiable or lower-cost capital)
which are the make or buy falliaces?
-firm should make rather than but assets that provide competitive advantage
-outsourcing an activity reduces the cost of that activity
-making instead of buying caotures the profit margin of the market firm.
which are the 6 narratives of globalization?
establishment (economic interdependence)
left-wing populist (benefits among the elites)
right-wing populist (anti-immigration)
corporate power (favors multinational corporations)
geoeconomic (us-china, both beneficial and risky)
global threats (climate change)
what's ADDING value?
Adding volume or growth
Decreasing costs
Differentiating willingness to pay
Improving industry attractiveness
Normalizibg risk
Generating knowledge
which are the drivers of supply chain performance?
1. facilities (physical locations where the product is stored, assembled, fabricated)
2. inventory (raw material, work in process, finished goods)
3. transportation (moving inventory from point to point)
4. information (data and analysisconcerning facilities, inventory, transportation, cost, prices.)
5. sourcing (set of business)
6. pricing (how much a firm will charge for rhe goods and services)
which are the transportation modes and their role?
air: fixed infrastructures, variable depending on passengers
package carriers: expensive, small packages
truck: low fixed costs, imbalance between flows
rall: commodities over large distances, maximize utilization, long time
water: slowest, limited to certain geographic areas
pipeline: high fixed costs, large and stable flows
intermodal: more than 1 transportation, use for containers, global trade
what's the role of sustainability in sc?
the instrumental view says that environmental stewardship benefits sc. the sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromise the ones in the future.
which are the levels of the environmental reporting?
social reporting, governande pillar, facilities, inventory, closed loop supply chain (value stays within the sc that can incorporate recucked materials from other sc), transportation, sourcing.
which are the scopes of emission?
direct emission: emission from sources owned or controlled by a company
indirect emissions (purchased energy): emissions from electricity, steam, heating and cooling purchased and used by a company
indirect emissions (supply chain): emissions that occur outside the company's direct control but result from its operations, includes emissions from suppliers, transportation, product use and waste disposal.
what is a global value chain?
A GVC is the series of stages in the production of a product for sale to consumers. Each stage adds value, and at least two stages are in different countries.
which are the types of participation in a GVC?
*backward GVC participationoccurs when a country imports intermediate goods and incorporates them into its own exports
*forward GVC participationoccurswhen a country exports intermediate gooda that are not directly consumed but are used in production in another country and later re-exported
what are measuring in production?
An UPSTREAM SECTOR sells to other industries, which in turn supply inputs to further production rather than final consumption.
DOWNSTREAMNESS measures how far a sector is from the economy's primary factors of production.
what are stylized facts emerging?
Increased Global Value Chain Activity: production is increasingly fragmented across countries
Greater Production Fragmentation: upstreamness says that production processes are becoming more complex and fragmented.
Shifting Value Chain Position: countries are positioning closer to the final stages of production in relation to primary factors.
Lengthening Global Production Chain: the average length has increased, greater complexity and interconnectedness.
what's the CSRD?
it focuses on transparency, double materiality, it provides a framework for ESG reporting.
what is CS3D?
requires businesses to identify, prevent, mitigate and remedy adverse human rights and inveronmental impacts in their sc.
it has three scopes of due diligence:
own operations: companies must assess their internal sustainability risks.
supply chain partners: direct and indirect suppliers
life-cycle perspective: procurement, production, distribution and end-of-life disposal
which are the implications for the sc of CS3D?
-Sustainable Product Design: companies must meet strict ecodesign criteria
-Digital Product Passports: detailed informations on sustainability attributes.
-Restrictions on Waste and Unsold Goods: resale and responsible waste management.
-Compliance and Market Access: standardized EU wide requirements facilitate trade
What is CoC?
Chain of Custody is a document record tracking evidence across the product life cycle, showing who handled it and when.
it works through document everything, secure packaging, controlled access, digital tracking