UTS 1
reproductive glands that produce the gametes; testis or ovary
Gonads
Gonads begin to form until about the •••••••••••• embryonic development
8th week
individuals who possess both ovarian and testicular tissues but this condition is rare in nature.
True hermaphrodites
formed if individuals having accessory reproductive structures that do not much their gonads
Pseudohermaphrodite
the period of life, generally between ages of 10-15 years old, when the reproductive organs grow to their adult size and become functional under the influence of rising levels of gonadal hormones (testosterone in males and estrogen for females).
Puberty
Puberty - in males (age)
13
Puberty - in females (age)
11
is the first menstrual period of females which happens two years after the start if puberty.
Menarche
are more common in young and elderly women and in those whose resistance to diseases is low.
Vaginal infections
play an important role in regulation of ovulation and fertility of females.
Hormones
Problems that involve painful or abnormal menses may also be due to?
to infection or hormone imbalance.
In males, the most common inflammatory conditions are
prostatitis, urethritis, and epididymitis
occurs when females no longer experience menstruation and when women are at postmenopausal stage,they are at risk for cardiovascular disorders
Menopause
It refers to parts of the body that are primarily receptive and increase sexual arousal when touched in a sexual manner.
EROGENOUS ZONES
Some of the commonly known erogenous zones are
the mouth, breasts, genitals, and anus
Other common areas of the body that can be aroused easily may include
the neck, thighs, abdomen, and feet.
is the swelling of bodily tissues caused by increased vascular blood flow and a localized increase in blood pressure.
Vasocongestion
is defined as any activity- solitary or sociosexual that induces sexual arousal.
Human sexual behavior
HUMAN SEXUAL BEHAVIOR involving only one individual.
Solitary Behavior
It generally begins at or before puberty,is very common among young males, but becomes less frequent or is abandoned when sociosexual activity is available.
Solitary behavior
Self-gratification by means of self-stimulation that leads to sexual arousal generally, sexual climax
Solitary behavior
Majority of males and females have fantasies of some sociosexual activity while they gratify themselves. The fantasy frequently involves idealized sexual partners and activities that the individual has not experienced and even might avoid in real life.
Solitary behavior
It is most frequent among the unmarried. There are more males whoperform acts of self-gratification than females.
Solitary behavior
Human Sexual Behavior involves two persons or group performing sexual
activity.
Sociosexual behavior
Physical contact involving necking or petting is considered as an ingredient of the learning process and eventually of courtship and the selection of a marriage partner.
Sociosexual behavior
It usually begins in childhood and may be motivated by curiosity, such as showing or examining genitalia.
Sociosexual behavior
Petting differs from hugging, kissing, and generalized caresses of the clothed body to practice involving stimulation of the genitals. Petting may be done as an expression of affection and a source of pleasure, preliminary to coitus.
Sociosexual behavior
refers to the insertion of the male reproductive structure into the female reproductive organ, is viewed by the society quite differently depending upon the marital status of the individuals.
Coitus
"marriage" is usually regarded as an obligation in most societies and much acceptable.
Marital coitus
(i.e. coitus by separated, divorced or widowed persons) is almost always ignored. There is a difficulty in enforcing abstinence among sexually experienced persons.
Post-marital coitus
occurs when a married person engages in sexual activity with someone other than his or her spouse, involving wives is generally condemned and,if permitted, is allowed only under exceptional conditions or with specified persons
Extra-marital coitus
This symptoms of arousal eventually increase to a near maximal physiological level that leads to the next stage.
Excitement phase
a sudden rise in blood supply to the surface of the body resulting in increased skin temperature, flushing, and swelling of all distensible body parts (particularly noticeable in the male reproductive structure and female breasts), more rapid breathing, the secretion of genital fluids, vaginal expansion, and a general increase in muscle tension
Excitement phase
it is caused by increase in pulse and blood pressure
Excitement phase
it is generally of brief duration. If stimulation is continued, orgasm usually occurs.
Plateau phase
may last for a few seconds (normally not over ten), after which the individual enters the resolution phase.
Sexual climax
It is also characterized by involuntary vocalizations.
Sexual climax
it is marked by a feeling of abrupt, intense pleasure, a rapid increase in pulse rate and blood pressure, and spasms of the pelvic muscles causing contractions of the female reproductive organ and ejaculation by the male.
Sexual climax
Males and females are similar on their response sequence. Whereas males return to normal even if stimulation continues, but continued stimulation can produce additional orgasms without the females. Females are physically capable of repeated orgasms without the intervening "rest period" required by males.
Resolution phase
it is the last stage that refers to the return to a normal or subnormal physiological state
Resolution phase
transmit the sensory messages to the brain.
Afferent cerebrospinal nerve
received commands from the brain and send them to the muscles; and the spinal cord serves as a great transmission cable.
Efferent cerebrospinal nerve
Sexual problems may be classified as
physiological, psychological and social
are the least among the three categories.Only a small number of people suffer from diseases that are due to abnormal development of the genitalia or that part of neurophysiology controlling sexual response.
Physiological problems
comprise by far the largest category. They are usually caused by socially induced inhibitions, maladaptive attitudes, ignorance, and sexual myths held by society. An example of the latter is the belief that good, mature sex must involve rapid erection, prolonged coitus, and simultaneous orgasm.
Psychological problems
is a common problem especially for young males.Sometimes this is not the consequence of any psychological problem but the natural result of excessive tension in a male who has been sexually deprived.
Premature emission of semen
is almost always of psychological origin in males under 40
Erectile impotence
can be possibly expected in older men or in any male who has exceeded his sexual capacity.
Ejaculatory impotence
It appears to be associated with ideas of contamination or with memories of traumatic experiences.
Ejaculatory impotence
which results from inability to ejaculate in coitus, is uncommon and is usually of psychogenic origin.
Ejaculatory impotence
is a strong spasm of the pelvic musculature constricting the female reproductive organ so that penetration is painful or impossible. It can be treated by psychotherapy and by gradually dilating the female reproductive organ with increasingly large cylinders.
Vaginismus
People who are very conscious of their religious beliefs are more inclined to use the natural way of birth control and others follow such ••••••••••••••• because they are more costeffective.
natural methods
do not involve any chemical or foreign body introduction into human body.
natural methods
It is considered to be the most effective way to avoid STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections). However, most people find it difficult to comply with •••••••••• , so only a few use this method.
Abstinence
this natural methods involves refraining from sexual intercourse and is the most effective natural birth control method with ideally 0% fail rate.
Abstinence
The woman needs to record her menstrual cycle for six months in order to calculate the woman's safe days to prevent conception.
Calendar Method
It entails withholding from coitus during the days that the woman is fertile.
Calendar Method
is also called as the rhythm method
Calendar Method
The woman must record her temperature every morning before any activity
Basal Body Temperature
indicates the woman's temperature at rest.
Basal Body Temperature
the change in the cervical mucus during ovulation is the basis for this method. During ovulation, the cervical mucus is copious, thin and watery.
Cervical Mucus Method
basically a combination of the BBT and CMM.
Symptothermal Method
The kit can predict ovulation through the surge of luteinizing hormone (LH)that happens 12 to 24 hours before the ovulation
Ovulation Detection
it uses an over-the-counter kit that requires the urine sample of the woman
Ovulation Detection
The disadvantage of this method is the pre-eiacuation fluid that contains a few spermatozoa that may cause fertilization.
Coitus Interruptus
A couple still goes on with coitus, but the man withdraws the moment he ejaculates to emit the spermatozoa outside of the female reproductive organ
Coitus Interruptus
is one of the oldest methods that prevents conception
Coitus Interruptus
also known as the pill, oral contraceptives contain synthetic estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen suppresses the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)and (LH) to prevent ovulation.
Oral contraceptives
the woman should apply one patch every weeks on the following areas:upper outer arm, upper torso, abdomen, or buttocks.
Transdermal patch
this silicon ring is inserted into the female reproductive organ and remains there for three weeks and then removed on the fourth week,as menstrual flow would occur.
Vaginal ring
contains medroxyprogesterone,progesterone and is usually and is usually given once every 12 weeks intramuscularly.
Hormonal injection
like implants inserted under the skin of the female during her menses or seventh day of her menstruation to make sure that she will not get pregnant. It can be helpful for 3-5 years.
Subdermal implants are two rod
such as spermicides, vaginal gels and creams,and glycerine films are used to cause the death of sperms before they can enter the cervix and to lower the pH level of the female reproductive organ so it will not become conducive for the sperm.
Chemical barriers
is a small, T-shaped object containing progesterone that is inserted into the uterus via the female reproductive organ.
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
is a circular, rubber disk that fits the cervix and should be placed before coitus
Diaphragm
is a latex or synthetic rubber sheath that is placed on the erect male reproductive organ before penetration into the female reproductive organ to trap the sperm during ejaculation.
Male condom
is made of soft rubber and fitted on the rim of the cervix.
Cervical cap
It is used to prevent fertilization of the egg by the sperm cells.
Female condoms
are made up of latex rubber sheaths that are pre-lubricated with spermicide.
Female condoms
Surgical methods
Tubal ligation (for woman)
Vasectomy (for men)
a small incision is made on each side of the scrotum.
Vasectomy (for men)
The vas deferens is then tied, cauterized,cut or plugged to block the passage of the sperm.
Vasectomy (for men)
The procedure is done through a small incision under the woman's umbilicus that targets the fallopian tube for cutting, cauterizing, or blocking to inhibit the passage of both sperm and the ova.
Tubal ligation (for woman
it is performed after menstruation and before ovulation.
Tubal ligation (for woman