history test two number 2
What was the German Revolution of 1918-1919
This ended the monarchy (November 9, 1918), chancellor then resigned, this also led to germanys defeat in WW1
What was the significance of the Kiel Mutiny
It was the start of the German Revolution (1918-1919)
What was the Spartacist uprising (aka the Jan uprising)?
Armed revolt that took place in Berlin from Jan 5-12, 1919 (happened with the German Revolution)
Civil War in Bavaria (which is in Germany)
Strike turned into a civil war
How was the Weimar Constitution made?
Scheirdemann was appointed Chancellor
Coalition government of Social Democrats
What did the Weimar Constitution do?
Germany was divided into 17 states, each had their own parliaments and governments
38 electoral districts
Constitution guaranteed fundamental human rights
In theory Germany had the perfect system of parliamentary democracy
What were the disadvangtages of the Weimar Constitution
German electoral system had two disadvantages: encouraged multiplicity of parties, voters could not support individual candidates, only their party's list
What was the Kapp Putsch?
People were mad about how WW1 ended. Right wing extremists blamed it on the politicians. The Freikorps people occupied eastern frontiers. Many people went against the republic
What was the impact of the reperations?
Germany wasn't able to pay back the Allies, France blocked off some of the Ruhr and the Rhinelands in hopes of forcing Germany to pay (this didn't work). Workers were paid 3 times their wage and stores had to close at noon to reprice their food. They also printed a bunch of money
What was the Foreign Policy 1921-33?
Germany was not allowed an air force though Hitler made one anyways
What was the Treaty of Rapallo?
It was a treaty between Germany and Russia
Russia was ideal for food and raw materials
Germany communist party liked the closer ties the Soviet Union
Each country had surrendered claims to reparations from one another
Close collaboration between the two armies was agreed upon
German troops were allowed to work on Russian soil (tanks, poison gas, aircrafts)
Russo-German alignment was a useful diplomatic tool during the Locarno negotiations three years later
What were the Locarno Treaties (1925)?
Relationship between Germany and France was improved with the treaties of Locarno in 1925
5 separate treaties signed at Locarno (a Swiss holiday resort)
There Germany promised to not try to alter its frontiers with France and Belgium
These decisions offered France the security they wanted
Demilitarization of the Rhineland was reaffirmed, any violation of this would be regarded as a hostile act, Britian and Italy only promised to intervene is obvious, no mention was made of Germany's eastern frontiers (Poland, Czechoslovakia)
The Locarno agreements weakened the treaty of Versailles, Germany still accepted the loss of Alsace and Lorraine though
How did Americans feel about immigration in the 1920s
Many Americans wanted to restrict immigration
Literacy test for immigrants coming into America
Immigration policy in the US during the 1920s stated that they should favor the immigrants whose standards are similar to the United States
Warren Harding (the president) didn’t want immigrants to come to the US because he was worried about bolshevism, red anarchy, kidnappers, people challenging his authority
Stated that immigrants were loyal to their own country and not that of the U.S
USA was not part of the league of nations at this time
Many groups were formed around the ideas that the ‘white race’ is the best, KKK as an example
What happened in the Roaring Twenties (America)
Ban on alcohol (rum runs start)
Americas were living very well
People were earning more money and spending more money on fun things
Americans thought that the roaring twenties was the new way of living
What was the wall street crash?
the stock market crashed in late october 1929
banks were failing, buisness were crashing and lots of people lost their jobs
this was the catalyst of the great depression which lasted ten years
What was the great depression?
Hoover the president at the time didn't do much to stop this, thought it would go away on its own
Went from 1929-1939
One in every four people were out of a job
Banks had completely failed
People also didn't want to lend money to others
No insurance for the unemployed
How badly was Germany impacted by the Great Depression and the Wall Street Crash?
Germany was impacted the worst because they so heavily relied on the US's banks to help with their reperation payments
What did FDR do to help stop the Great Depression?
He basically made a bunch of jobs, including hiring people to build new infastructure (the new deal). He started speaking on the radio to talk to citizens; called fireside chats. Although WW2 completely ended the Great Depression, because it creates a lot of jobs.
Who was 'blamed' for the Great Depression
Hoover was
What was the prohibition on alcohol in America?
Alochol was not allowed to be sold or bought
Kinda said that drinking beer was a very German thing to do and you shouldn't do it
This basically started illegal rum smuggling and lots of people made good money off it (people with no job would sometimes get into this), for example Al Capone
Was typically run by gangs
What caused the Great Depression?
over production, everyone started taking money out of banks, stock market crash, there was a huge gap between the rich and the poor, lots of debt
What was Italy like in the 1920s
The fascists were ruling, people were mad about how the war ended, lots of over population, starvation.
In 1925 Mussolini took charge, freedom of press was destroyed and other political parties were also destroyed