Memory (1)
What is a semantic memory?
memories of facts ir knowledge of the world
what is a procedural memory?
your memory of how to do something
what are episodic memories?
your memories of a time in your life
what are the 3 types of Long Term Memories?
Semantic
Procedural
Episodic
outline the theory or reconstructive memory? (4 points)
- Memory is an active process
- we remember the overall meaning of an event, not specific details
- gaps in our memory are filled by our own cultural experiences or stereotypes
- for example, Bartletts war of the ghost study
what is interference?
a piece of information damaging your ability to recall another piece of information or changing a previously held memory
what is proactive interference?
old information interfering with new information and making it harder to remember
what is retroactive interference
new information interfering with old information and making it harder to remember
when is interference more likely?
when the pieces of information are similar
what is the encoding for the long term memory?
semantic encoding : encoding based on its meaning rather than sensory input
what are the capacity and duration of the long term memory?
both are unlimited
how do you get something from the short term memory to long term memory?
prolongued rehearsal, which is thinking about it repeatedly over a long period of time
how do you get something to stay in the short term memory?
maintenance rehearsal loop, which is mentally rehearsing the information over a short period of time
what is the capacity of the short term memory?
7, give or take 2
what is the duration of a piece of information in the short term memory?
30s
what is the capacity of the sensory register?
unlimited
what is the duration of the sensory register?
half a second
what is the encoding for short term memory?
acoustic - you remember things based on how they sound
how do you move something from thw sensory register to the stm?
by payong attention to it
outline murdocks serial postition curve study
A- to see wether word order affected recall
M- participants read lists of different words and were asked to repeat them to the experimenter
R- participants recalled more words at the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect)
C - stm duration is 30 sec, primacy effect happens due to the words being rehearsed in your head therefore transferred to ltm, whereas recency effect happens as theyre still in the STM
weakness of murdocks study (pea)
p - lab study
e -mundane realism, artificial task
a - no real world application
strength of murdocks study (pea)
p- lab study therefore no extraneous variables
e - we can be sure the word order affected recall as there was no other distractions
a - high internal validity, accurate
outline bartletts war of the ghost study
A- to investigate how memory of an unfamiliar story is affected by cultural experiences
M - british participants were given a native american story, then after a short time were asked to recall the story, however each participant got the recalled story of the ppt before them. this was repeated x10
R - he found that most remembered the overall plot if the story however some parts were omitted and some changed to fit their iwn culture, eg canoes was changed to boats and relative to mother
C- how stories are remembered depends on culture and schemas
weakness of bartletts study (pea)2
p- used non - numerical data
e - makes the study open to investigator bias
a- lowers internal validity
p- ppts werent given standardised instructions
e- they may habe misinterpreted the task and not tried hard to remember the original story as they may have thought theyre allowed ti rewrite it their own way
a- lowers internal validity
one strength of the MSM (pea)
p- research supports different types of encoding for stm and ltm
e- baddley's study showed people mix up acoustically similar words immediately (in stm) and semantically similar after 20min or more (in ltm)
a - stm encodes acoustically and ltm semantically which adds validity to msm