structuralism (Wundt) and functionalism (James)
analyze and identify the structure of consciousness with introspection
Focus on mental operations, not the structure.
Thinking and consciousness has a function and needs to be adaptive.
Focused on impulses, thoughts and memories that we are not aware of- the unconscious.
Motives in our unconscious conflict with socially acceptable behaviours (often sexual).
The whole is more than the sum of its parts.
Individuals perceive objects and patterns as whole units.
John Watson
Who we are and how we behave are a result of interaction with our environment- no free will.
Mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge.
Founded by Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow.
Emphasizes creativity, love, positive growth, and self-actualization.
Useful in developing therapeutic techniques.
Anything that pretends to be science but is not.
Translates to fake science.
1. Observation or Descriptive Research
2. Correction Research
3. Experiments
Observe and record behaviour without interference.
Observe how people/animals behave in the natural environment.
Describes the relationship between 2 variables.
Tells us the direction and the strength of the correlation.
Correlation does not lead to causation.
Positive correlation - both factors increase or decrease together
Negative correlation - as one factor increases the other decreases.
Allows for causal explanations.
Independent variable - being manipulated.
Dependent variable - being measured.
Experimental and Control groups.