Psych
The beginning of psychology is marked by which two schools of thought?
structuralism (Wundt) and functionalism (James)
Define structuralism (Wundt)
analyze and identify the structure of consciousness with introspection
Define functionalism (James)
Focus on mental operations, not the structure.
Thinking and consciousness has a function and needs to be adaptive.
Describe Signmund Freud and Psychoanalysis
Focused on impulses, thoughts and memories that we are not aware of- the unconscious.
Motives in our unconscious conflict with socially acceptable behaviours (often sexual).
Define Gestalt psychology
The whole is more than the sum of its parts.
Individuals perceive objects and patterns as whole units.
Founder of behaviouralism
John Watson
Define Behavourism
Who we are and how we behave are a result of interaction with our environment- no free will.
Define cognition
Mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge.
Define Humanistic psych
Founded by Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow.
Emphasizes creativity, love, positive growth, and self-actualization.
Useful in developing therapeutic techniques.
Define Pseudoscience
Anything that pretends to be science but is not.
Translates to fake science.
What are the three types of research methodologies that we use to collect data?
1. Observation or Descriptive Research
2. Correction Research
3. Experiments
Define descriptive research
Observe and record behaviour without interference.
Observe how people/animals behave in the natural environment.
Define Correlational research
Describes the relationship between 2 variables.
Tells us the direction and the strength of the correlation.
Correlation does not lead to causation.
Correlational research cont., Direction of factors:
Positive correlation - both factors increase or decrease together
Negative correlation - as one factor increases the other decreases.
Define Experimental Research (aspects found in it)
Allows for causal explanations.
Independent variable - being manipulated.
Dependent variable - being measured.
Experimental and Control groups.