Cold War Questions
Which 4 powers took territory of Germany ( post WW2)
France, Britian, USA, USSR
Which German city was paritoned into 4 occupation zones?
Berlin
When + what was the Berlin Blocade
In June 1948, USSR set up blocade so that all of Berlin ( even Wests portion ) could not be reached via rail, road and canal. West Berlin citizens got cut off from basic necisisties. As response western powers begain an air lift where they flew vital supplies to west Berlin. This lasted nearly a year.
When did Berlin Blockade end?
1949
What contrast was there between West occupied and USSR occupied areas in Germany econmically?
West Germanys econmany got wayyyy better and recovered from WW2, East Germnany paled in comparison.
Why was the Berlin wall created + When
Berlin wall was created by USSR, in response too many east Berliners tried to flee to West Berlin , specifcally many doctors, lawyers and other professionals. Berlin wall was created to keep east Berliners in. Construction started overnight on August 12-13th.
How long did the Cuban Missile Crisis
13 days
What was Bay of Pigs? + when
Bay of Pigs was an invasion launched by USA against Cuban leader Fidel Castro. In 1961. The CIA trained 1,400 cuban exiles to overthrow Castro but it failed.
What was Cubas response to bay of Pigs invasion
To turn to the USSR for help. The USSR gave them missiles in response. These missiles were partly there to counter the missiles that US had placed in Italy and Turkey.
Provide a brief summary of Cuban Missile Crisis
USA launched Bay of Pigs against Cuba - it failed
In respones Cuba turned to USSR
USSR gave Cuba missiles ( partly to counter Americian missiles in Italy and Turkey)
USA spy plane saw that USSR had build up of arms in Cuba, USA freaked
In response JFK announced that USA would intercept any shipments coming into Cuba , calling it a quarintene
Krushchev said this was an act of agression
tension roses - everyone held their breath
on Oct 27th a Soviet submarine got hit from a US navy boat trying to signal it to come up. The USSR submarine thought this meant war had started as they were too far down to communicate. They almost fired a torpiedo, but they had to have unanimous vote and only 2/3 commanders agreed. That almost couldve started WW3.
Eventually USA and USSR came to democratic agreement. USA would take missiles out of turkey and Italy and not invade CUba if USSR would take missiles out of CUba.
Comecon Def
an ecomic agreement among nations loyal to USSR during cold war. Stands for " council for mutal economic assistance".
Detterence Def
The use of threats to disuade a country from making an agressive move. Good example is threat of nuclear weapons in cold war.
Brinkmanship def
Pushing a situation to escalte dangerously before stopping ( almost going to far?). Cuban missile crisis example;
What was Molotov plan
Plan created in 1947, to give aid to eastern european countries ( aligned with USSR), also to encourage communism. Like an oppisite of the Marshall plan.
What is SEATO
south east asia treaty orginzation. Created to prevent communism from coming in south east asia. Include powers of the west and south-east asian countries. Also used as a way for US to justify interventionism
What was Marshall plan
Plan made by George Marshall to provide montary assistance to West Europe, to aid rebuilding post war. Thought it would prevent nations falling to communism. Thought if there was econmic stability would lead to politcal stability.
What + when was Truman Doctrine
March 1947 Truman made a speech where he said he would provide aid to Turkey and Greece. Scared if he didnt, they would fall to communism. Policy of fighting communism around the world
What countries were part pf Soviet Bloc
USSR, East Germany, Poland Czeshlovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Albania. Yugoslavia was expelled in 1948. Albania withdre in 1961
What was Warsaw Pact?
A collective defence treaty created by Soviet Union + allies. Kind of like a contrast to NATO.
What was NATO
North - atlantic - treaty - orginization. Created by Western Powers as a response to Berlin Blockade. It was created to provide collective security, for Western allies against Soviet Union.
What was European Economic community
Regional orginization created by Treaty of Rome in 1957. Created to create a common market between its countries? Created by West allies.
Comiform Def
- communist international bureau ( cominform) established in 1947
- Created to help bring Soviet bloc countries close together
- Coordinate work of communist parties across Europe
Communist Coup in Czechoslovakia
- After WW2 Czechoslovakia was democratic
Czechoslovakia had been neutral
- Communists formed a coalition gov in 1946
- 1947 USSR promised them wheat and cotton if they went on their side
- 1948 Communsit party overthrew gov became dictatorship, czechoslovakia became firm Soviet satilet
CENTO treaty - what is it - what was its former name
Central treaty orginization ( formally called Baghdad treaty), mutual assitance treaty between Pakistan, Iran,Turkey, Britian
Chinese Civil war
Kuomintang lead by Jiang Jie Shi ( nationlists) tried to purge communists in white terror, lasted 3 years
things were cooling down, chinese communist party led my Mao Zedong and koumintang were agreeing to meet, but then Soviet pulled out of Manchuria which they were previously in, and both sides fought for it.
Communists had mroe public support of the people, Kuomintang was seen as corrupt puppet gov.
US supported Nationlists.
it was seen communists would win in 1948, 1949 Mao declared peoples republic of China and Jiang fled to Taiwan where they set up republic of China.
Hungarian revolution 1956
Hungarians wanted to be liberated from USSR
People stopped supporting the communist gov
on 23, October 1956, Hungarians gathered in front of Polish embassy and rioted ( destorying statue of Stalin, etc)
A new prime minsiter came to power via this Emery Nagy, who announced Hungary would withdraw from Warsaw pact and announced it would become a netural party
soivets didnt like this- came in and crushed the revolution on Nov 4th, and a pro soviet gov was reestablished
What was the Eisenhower Doctrine
U.S. foreign-policy promising military or economic aid to any Middle Eastern country needing help in resisting communist aggression.