Y9 Science - Detection in Chemistry, Forces, Fit and Healthy
what actions can a force do
push pull and twist
what is a force measured in
newtons
what can forces be measured with
newtonmeter
do forces act single or in pairs
pairs
do forces oppose one another
yes
can we see forces
no
can we touch forces
no
what do forces do to objects
change speed, direction or shape
what is a force
a force is a push pull or twist acting on an object. forces act in pairs, opposing one another.
give an example of a contact force
friction, tension, air resistance
give an example of a non-contact force
magnetic, gravity/weight, electrostatic
what are arriws used for
to show the direction of forces. the greater the arrow, the greater the force
what is a contact force
a force that acts by direct contact, eg friction
what is a non-contact force
a force that acts without direct contact, eg magnetism
what is the resultant force
the total amount of force acting on an object
what happens when the resultant force is more than zero
the forces will be unbalanced
what is the equation for force
mass x acceleration
what is the equation for mass
force : acceleration
what is the equation for acceleration
force : mass
what are the units for force, mass and acceleration
force is N, mass is KG, accelation is m/s2
what is the formula for weight
mass x gravitational field strength
what are the units of weight, mass and gravitational field strength
weight is N, mass is KG, g is N/KG
what is an interaction pair
when two objects interact there is a force on each one that is the same size but acting in opposing directions
name 4 underweight health issues
poor immune system, lacking energy, always tired, likely to suffer from s lack of vitamins or minerals
name 4 overweight health issues
heart disease, stroke, diabetes type 2, some cancers
what is aerobic respiration
the process of cellular respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen gas to produce energy from food
what is the equation for aerobic respiration
glucose and oxygen = carbon dioxide and water
where does glucose get dissolved
in the liquid part of your blood called the plasma
what are the 7 components of a balanced diet
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, water, fibres
what happens if you have too little calcium in your diet
your bones and teeth are weakened and affected
if you have vitamin C deficiency what may it cause
scurvy
what are carbs made up of
starch and sugar
do bones stay the same all the time
no. they grow and change all the time, they repair themselves when damaged.
what are bones
living tissue
are long bones solid
no
what is bone marrow
the soft tissue inside long bones. this is where red and white blood cells are produced
what does the ribcage protect
your lungs and heart
what does the skull protect
the brain
what is the spinal chord protected by
the spinal column
name three functions of the skeleton
protection, support, movement
what is a joint
where two or more bones join together. if we didnt have joints normal easy tasks would be very diffucult because we could not bend
what do ligaments do
join bone to bone
what do tendons do
join muscle to bone
cartilage
protects bones from rubbing
what is synovial fluid
acts as a lubricant and shock absorber
what are the four types of joints
pivot, ball and socket, hinge, fixed
what are three types of muscles
cardiac, skeletal, smooth
what is a cardiac muscle
only found in the heart
what is a skeletal muscle
attached to bone, the major muscle groups
what are smooth muscles
used for involuntary movements like your gut
what are mooscles cells
specialised cells, composed into fibres that contract
what do mooscles do to help you move
contract
what is the musculoskeletal system
the system what helps you move. it contains around 650 different mooscles
can muscles push
no, they can only pull
what is the name for the pair that muscles work in
antagonistic pairs
when the tricep is contracted the bicep is...
relaxed
what is the bicep when your arm is fully bent
contracted
what is a drug
an illegal or legal chemical that changes the way the mind or body works
what are the three types of drugs
medicinal, recreational, illegal
what is a medicinal drug
it treats and cures disease or relieves symptoms of the disease
example of a medicinal drug
paracetamol
what is a recreational drug
a drug that is taken for pleasure
example of a recreational drug
alcohol
what is an illegal drug
a drug that is very dangerous and can cause long term damage
example of an illegal drug
cocaine
what is LSD
an illegal drug becausw it can cause long term damage
four things depressant drugs can do
relax users
decrease inhibitions
slow down reaction time
damage brain cells
4 things stimulant drugs do
increase alertness
high reaction speed
increased heart rate
increased blood pressure
example of a depressant drug
alcohol or cannabis
example of a stimulant drug
caffeine, cocaine
three things hallucogenic drugs do
make u paranoid
give u anxiety
give u hallucinations
example of a hallucinogenic drug
LSD, cocaine
what drug does alcohol contain
ethanol
what halpens when u have ethanol
is is absorbed into ur blood stream and goes to the brain. the drug is then broken down by the liver
what is ethanol
the chemical word for alcohol
what are u if u r addicted to alcohol
an alcoholic
what is the max alcohol intake per week for an adult
14 units spread over three days per week
alcohol has a ling term effect on the...
liver
what is FASD
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
what are three characteristics of FASD
facial abnormalities
kidney, liver, heart problems
behavior and learning diffuculties
where does respiration happen
the mitochondria of cells throughout the body
what is nicotine
an addictive drug that raises the heart beat, narrows the arteries and so causes high blood pressure. this leads to heart disease
what is carbon monoxide
a poisinous gas which joins up with the haemoglobin in red blood cells, making them incapable of transporting oxygen around the body
what is tar
tar is a sticky substance which when taken in, coats the inside of the lungs, making it hard to breathe. your lungs turn black because of this
what happens if the cilia don't work properly
dirt and microbes trapped in the mucus
can flow into the lungs and lead to respitory infections
what does the alveoli of a non-smoker have
a large surface area
what does the alveoli of a smoker have
less surface area
nicotine (simple answer)
addictive drug in cigarettes
tar (simple answer)
black sticky substance that blocks alveoli
alveoli (simple answer)
where gas exchange takes place in the lungs
respiration (simple answer)
chemical reaction in our cells; glucose + oxygen
carbon monoxide (simple answer)
poisinous gas that stops RBCs carrying oxygen
what is emphysema
when you have less surface area for oxygen to be transfered
what two techniques are used to separate sand from blood
filtering, evaporation
what equipment do you need for extracting blood from sand
funnel, filter paper, beker, bloody sand with a bit of water
what equipment do you need to seperate water from blood
bloody water, bunsen burner (heat), tripod,
gauze, evaporation dish
explain how to filter blood from sand
when you have the needed equipment, place the beker, put the funnel in the top, and put a folded bit of filter paper in the funnel. put bloody sand and a little water in the filter paper cup. the water and blood will drip through, seperating it from the sand
explain how to separate water from blood
get the equipment needed. stand the tripod up, place the bunsen burner and protective mat under it, the gauze on top of it and the evaporation dish on top of the gauze. put bloody water in the rvsporation dish. with the heat from the bunsen burner, the water will evaporate, leaving you with pure blood
what is a solution
a liquid mixture in which the solute is distributed with in the solvent
what is a solvent
the major component, dissolves other substances
what is a solute
the minor component, dissolved in the solvent
what is a compound
a thing that is composed of two or more joined together elements, a mixture
what is a filitrate
a liquid which has passed through a filter
what is a mixture
a substance made by mixing other substances, a combination of different things in which the component elements are infividually distinct
what is an element
a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance
what is the neutralisation equation
acid + alkali = salt + water
hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide
sodium chloride + water
nitric acid + sodium hydroxide
sodium nitrate + water
sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide
sodium sulfate + water
what is paper chromatography used for
it is used to separate mixtures, especially dyes or pigments
how does paper chromatpgraphy work
dots of single dyes are placed alongside a dot of the unknown mixture, the solvent is drawn up by the paper by capillary action, as the solvent moves up the paper the pattern of the single dyes can be compared to that of the mixture
how does gas chromatography work
a mixture of gases are differentially adsorbed by the filling in the column. injection of pure sample injected in small oven to make sure any liquid going in turns into gas. carrier gas, eg helium, pushes the gas through the column in the large temperature controlled oven. it reaches the dtector where it is burnt and gives voltage which is amplified and sent to a chart recorder, that creates the chromatogram. the peaks on the chromatogram show different substances arriving at different times
what does each individual spot on a chromatogram represent
a pure substance
what does paper chromatography separate
mixtures
what does the reactivity series show
how vigorously metals react
is gold reactive
no
is potassium reactive
yes