Eukaryotic
Both (mostly uni)
breaks down materials in intestines, ferrilizer, paint
amoeba causes dysentey, plasmodium causes malaryia
Plant, Animal, fungus
algae, protozoa, slime moulds
They have chlorophyll and use photosynthesis, and have cellulose walls. autorophs and some moce using flagellas and cilia
Must move to find food. They are heterotrophs. Protozoa lack cell walls. they cause diseases and do circulstion, respiration, and excretion through diffusion
Secret chemicals that digest food and rhen absorb the chemicals (heterotrophs).
Myxomycota, Acrasiomycota, Oomycota
some use sexual (conjugation). all use asexual (binary fission)
Cilia, flagella, pseudopods
Green Algae, Red Algae, Diatom
Bacteria
Prokaryotic
unicellular
Have different genes and metabolic pathways
Archaea
Low oxygen environments( swamps)
Salt loving organisms
live in extremly hot environments
cold loving organisms
through inorganic molecules or light
Prokaryotic
uni ceullular
prokaryotic: no membrane
no nucleus
ribosomes is only organelle
DNA is one large circle
eukaroytic: nucleur membrane
nuclues
DNA in noncirculst chromosomes
many organelles
movement
sexual reproduction
generic material
controls movement in and out of cell
protein synthesis
protection
protection
shape, cell wall structure, and sources of food and energy.
round
rod
spiral?
pair
chains
clusters
gram-positive
gram-negative
both
makes own food
cant make own food
use chemicals for energy
use light for energy
asexual reproduction(copies itself)
sexual repoduction - DNA passes from one bacteria to another via a Pilus
a bacteriophage (virus) carries DNA from one bacteria to another
dormant ateuctures that preserve the cells genetic material due to stress.
Bacteria help produce food, help produce vitamin K, decomposeds of sewage, used for studying
Salmonella, E-Coli
asexual, sexual, endospores
Eukaryotic
both (mostly multi)
heteroptrophs
fungal cells are made up of chitin while plants are made up of cellulose
mycelium
fine filamnets called hyphae that absorb nutrients
both
where hyphae breaks off to grow new mycelia
spores
two parents fuse together and produce spores
a nucleus, dehydrated cytoplasm, and a protective coat
antibitoics (penicillin) food, drugs, poison
ringworm, yeast infections, allergies, athletes foot
because they dont fit into any other kingdom
multicellular
eukaroytic
autotrophic
produce oxygen, have chloroplasts, have cell walls made up of cellulose, and sre producers
roots, leaves, stem
anchor the plant and helo absorb watwe ans nutrients
provide area for absorbption of sunlight
transportstion
absence of vascular tissue and seeds
transport wayer minerals and sugars
contain an embryo, stored food and an outer coat
Bryophytes
tissue that moves materials around a plant
use spores to reproduce
gymnosperms, angiosperms
non-flowering plants with seeds within a cone
flowering plants with seeds in a protective structure. fruits and flowers
sexual
male ans female gametes go theough wind, rain, and dew to transport
multicellular freshwater algae
protist (unicellular)
eukaroytic
hetero
no cell walls, movile in one stage if life, reproduce sexually, produce an embryo
backbone present
levela of organization
number of body layers
movement
aynmwtry and body plan
segmentation
body cavity
reproduction
structure, tissue, and organ organization
asymmetrical
Radial
Bilateral
chordata
a flexible rod like structure
a notochord and a dorsal
cut even everywhere
symmetrical only one way
enables the rapid process of stimuli such as food or danger
athropoda
active or sessile
one to three
vertebrate or absent (invertbrate)
present or absent
division of body into repetitive sections
internal organizations
reproduction
homeostasis and control
energy
reaponsiveness
adaptations
evolution
all living things are conposed by one or more cells. cells are the basic unit of structure and function
All organisms contain DNA which is the blueprint. The DNA is contained in one or more chromosomes. All organisms reproduce either
Sexually - the offspring’s genes are a combination of the parents
Asexually - the offsprings genes are identical to the parent
All organisms must maintain a stable, internal condition in order to remain alive. Ex: temperature, heartbeat, blood pressure
All organisms use Energy. Chemical energy in the form of the molecule ATP is used to carry out the organisms activities. Animals and plants produce ATP in their mitochondria through cellular respiration.
All organisms must be able to respond to their environment. Ex: Figjt or flight in humans
Physical adjustments in individuals of a species. Adaptations are passed along to future generations.
Is the change in the genetic makeup of a population. The sun is where living things make energy from.
Species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity
The variety of species in a certain amount of area
Habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, over exploitation, climate change
The greatest threat to the biodiversity of life. Humans destroying habitats.
When development split habitats into fragments.
Non-native species that harm ecosystems when are introduced
Human acidifies polluting earths atmosphere. Ex: carbon dioxide, acid rain, waste from coal mining
Unsustainable use of responses such as harvesting too fast.
Plant migration, animal migration, extreme weather, water availability, increased co2
Food sources, habitat, reproduction, aquatic ecosystems
A method of organizing information and grouping things together for a specific reason.
To keep track of unknown organisms and to quickly know if a newly discovered organism is unique.
Homologous structure - same structure
Similar biochemistry - similar chemical compounds
Genetic similarity - similar DNA
The practice of classifying organisms(uses Latin words) it goes from most broad down to very specific.
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
(did Katy Perry Come Over For Grape Soda)
Eukaryotes, bacteria, archae
Bacteria and Archae. Do not have a nucleus or defined organelles.
Have a nucleus. Fungi, protists, animal, plants and have well defined membrane
Archaea - high temperatures
Bacteria - prokaryotic cells
Fungi - absorb nutrients through skin
protist- neither plants or animals (algae)
Plants - use photosynthesis
Animals - have to obtain food
Using binomial nomenclature and to name we use the genus name then the species name (Genus + species) capital on first word not second and italicized
A group of species that resemble each other
Able to mate and produce fertile offspring.
Consume other organisms for food
Able to produce its own food
Animal
Archaea
Plants have a chloroplast, plants are autotrophic, fungi are autotrophic(cell wall is different)
u
viruses are not classified as they don't consist of cells, don't metabolize energy, they don't perform cellular respiration, and they rely on a host
a non-cellular particle made up of protein covered generic material that can invade living cells
DNA or RNA covered by capsid
some enclosed by an envelope
Some have spikes for attacthment
viruses only infect bacteria, plants, or animals
very restricted host range
broad
broad and narrow
the amounr of damage causes depends partly on the ability of the affected tissue to tegeberate by cell division.
Ex: the damage of nerve cells(irreplacable) and epithelium cells(replaceable)
vaccines stimulate our immune sustem to produce defenses
oral
Generically
skjn
droplet
sexually
inoculation
trans-placental
when a virus enters a host it takes over bt altering the hosts generic makeup
the virus injects into the host
the host replicates the viruses DNA
once overcrowded the cell dies and the viruses get released (all happens within)
the virus invades and injects its DNA
the DNA is replicatws theough daughter cells and remains dormant
once activated it goes into the lytiv cycle
help male vaccines, and can hell treat other diseases
HIV, chickenpox, influenza
when a cell splits into two
through budding or producing spores or using mycelia
mycelium, hyphae, chitin
small, hrow close to the ground and have no vascular tissue (land plant)