bio unit1
are protiets eukaroytic or prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic
Are protists unicellular or multicellular?
Both (mostly uni)
What are some pros of protists that humans use
breaks down materials in intestines, ferrilizer, paint
Name two diseases that ate causws by protists
amoeba causes dysentey, plasmodium causes malaryia
What are the three groups of protists?
Plant, Animal, fungus
what are plant, animal and fungis protists called?
algae, protozoa, slime moulds
What distinguishable characterisrics do algae have?
They have chlorophyll and use photosynthesis, and have cellulose walls. autorophs and some moce using flagellas and cilia
What distinguishable traits do Protozoa have?
Must move to find food. They are heterotrophs. Protozoa lack cell walls. they cause diseases and do circulstion, respiration, and excretion through diffusion
What are disirnguishabke traits of slime moulds?
Secret chemicals that digest food and rhen absorb the chemicals (heterotrophs).
what are the three groups of slime moulds?
Myxomycota, Acrasiomycota, Oomycota
Are protists sexual or asexual?
some use sexual (conjugation). all use asexual (binary fission)
What are three ways protists move?
Cilia, flagella, pseudopods
Three wxamples of plant like protist
Green Algae, Red Algae, Diatom
What kingdom was Archaea in before?
Bacteria
is Archaea prokaryotic or eukaroytic?
Prokaryotic
Is archaea multicellular or unicellular
unicellular
Why is Archaea different to Bacteria?
Have different genes and metabolic pathways
Which kingdom are extremophiles?
Archaea
What are methanogens?
Low oxygen environments( swamps)
what are halophiles?
Salt loving organisms
what are thermophiles?
live in extremly hot environments
what are psychrophiles
cold loving organisms
How do archaea collect energy?
through inorganic molecules or light
Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic
are bacteria unicellular or multi cellular?
uni ceullular
What are sifferenves betweeb eukaryotic snd prokaryotic?
prokaryotic: no membrane
no nucleus
ribosomes is only organelle
DNA is one large circle
eukaroytic: nucleur membrane
nuclues
DNA in noncirculst chromosomes
many organelles
what is the function of flagellum?
movement
what is the function of pillus
sexual reproduction
what is the function of nucleoid?
generic material
what is the function of plasma membrane?
controls movement in and out of cell
what is the function of ribosomes?
protein synthesis
what is the function of cell wall?
protection
what is the function of capsule?
protection
how are bacteria classified?
shape, cell wall structure, and sources of food and energy.
what does cocci mean
round
what does bacilli mean?
rod
what does sprilli mean?
spiral?
what does diplo mean?
pair
what does strepto mean?
chains
what does staphylo mean?
clusters
if a cell wall has lots of protein it will stain pink and its called
gram-positive
if a cell wall has little protein it will stain pink and is called
gram-negative
are bacteria autotrophs or heterotophs
both
what does autotroph mean?
makes own food
what does heterotroph mean?
cant make own food
chemotroph?
use chemicals for energy
phototroph?
use light for energy
what is binary fission?
asexual reproduction(copies itself)
what is conjugation?
sexual repoduction - DNA passes from one bacteria to another via a Pilus
what is transduction?
a bacteriophage (virus) carries DNA from one bacteria to another
what are endospores?
dormant ateuctures that preserve the cells genetic material due to stress.
Name ways that bacteria are beneficial
Bacteria help produce food, help produce vitamin K, decomposeds of sewage, used for studying
how are bacteria bad?
Salmonella, E-Coli
what are the three ways bacteria reproduces?
asexual, sexual, endospores
Is fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic
Is fungi unicellular or multiceullular?
both (mostly multi)
are fungi heterotrophs or autorophs?
heteroptrophs
whats the difference between fungi snd plant cell walls?
fungal cells are made up of chitin while plants are made up of cellulose
fungis roots are called...
mycelium
what is fungi?
fine filamnets called hyphae that absorb nutrients
is fungi sexual or asexual?
both
what is fragmentation?
where hyphae breaks off to grow new mycelia
most fungi can repdoruce adexually becausw of whicj part?
spores
how does fungi sexual reproduction work?
two parents fuse together and produce spores
what is a spore made up of?
a nucleus, dehydrated cytoplasm, and a protective coat
what are positives of fungi?
antibitoics (penicillin) food, drugs, poison
what are cons of fungi?
ringworm, yeast infections, allergies, athletes foot
Why are protists grouped together in this Kingdom?
because they dont fit into any other kingdom
are plants multi cellular or unicellular
multicellular
are plants eukaroytic or prokaryotic
eukaroytic
are plangs heterotorphic or autotrophic
autotrophic
generak chatacyerisics of plants
produce oxygen, have chloroplasts, have cell walls made up of cellulose, and sre producers
what are the three main parts of plants?
roots, leaves, stem
what do roots do?
anchor the plant and helo absorb watwe ans nutrients
what do leaves do?
provide area for absorbption of sunlight
what do stems do?
transportstion
what two manor characteristics dicide plants up?
absence of vascular tissue and seeds
what does vascular tissue do?
transport wayer minerals and sugars
what are seeds?
contain an embryo, stored food and an outer coat
What are non-vascular plants called?
Bryophytes
what are vascular plants?
tissue that moves materials around a plant
seedless plant attribute?
use spores to reproduce
what two groups do seed producing vascular planta go into?
gymnosperms, angiosperms
what are gymnosperms?
non-flowering plants with seeds within a cone
what are angiosperms?
flowering plants with seeds in a protective structure. fruits and flowers
are plants sexual or asexual
sexual
how does plant reproduction work?
male ans female gametes go theough wind, rain, and dew to transport
how did plants evolve?
multicellular freshwater algae
are algae plant or protist?
protist (unicellular)
are animals eukaryotic of prokaryotic
eukaroytic
are animals heterotorphic or auto
hetero
what are characteristics kf animals
no cell walls, movile in one stage if life, reproduce sexually, produce an embryo
what are the 8 characteristics of animals?
backbone present
levela of organization
number of body layers
movement
aynmwtry and body plan
segmentation
body cavity
reproduction
how are animals classified?
structure, tissue, and organ organization
what are the three symmetries?
asymmetrical
Radial
Bilateral
what phylum are humans in?
chordata
what is a notochord?
a flexible rod like structure
what are the two features all chordatas have
a notochord and a dorsal
what is radial symmetry
cut even everywhere
what is bilateral symmetry
symmetrical only one way