Human Geography: Case studies
Mumbai: What percentage of the population live in slums?
60%
Mumbai: How many ragpickers?
35,000
Mumbai: What percentage of migrants work in the informal sector?
40-50%
Mumbai: What percentage of waste is recycled?
80%
Mumbai: How many more migrants arrive each day?
1000
Mumbai: It is the capital of what for India?
Commercial finance
Mumbai: What has been done to enable better flow of traffic?
Monitoring of traffic lights
Mumbai: Who have donated to improve services, including infrastructure?
NGOs
Mumbai: What was going to be done by the state to improve the housing issues?
Was going to provide housing for residents who had lived there before 2000 but never took off.
Mumbai: How many people per toilet?
1440
LA: What is the percentage of unemployment?
10%
LA: It has one of the highest rates in the country for what?
Out-migration
LA: When was the peak level of crime?
1990s
LA: It is the most polluted with what gas in the country?
Ozone
LA: What is the largest ethnic group?
Mexican Hispanic
LA: What road is the most congested in the US?
The Northbound 110
Birmingham Jewellery Quarter: How many were employed in the 1900s?
20,000
Birmingham Jewellery Quarter: There was decline due to...?
Foreign competiton
Reduced demand
Bombing during the Blitz
Birmingham Jewellery Quarter: Warehouses have been converted into...?
Bars
Restaurants
Cafes
Housing
London Docklands (UDCs): How many hectares were reclaimed?
600
London Docklands (UDCs): How many jobs were created?
41,000
London Docklands (UDCs): Employment rates...?
Doubled
London Docklands (UDCs): The jobs were only...?
Skilled
London Docklands (UDCs): What facilities were added?
Shopping
Hulme, Manchester (City Challenge): How many new homes?
900
Hulme, Manchester (City Challenge): How many jobs created?
540
Bristol (RDA): What was improved?
Public transport infrastructure
Bristol (RDA): It is a hub for what?
High-tech companies
Ipswich Waterfront (LEP): How many jobs were created?
56
BedZED, London: How many homes were built?
250
BedZED, London: What was a disadvantage of this?
It was very small scale
Freiburg, Germany: What percentage of the city is forested?
40%
Freiburg, Germany: How many people are employed in solar technology?
More than 1,000
Freiburg, Germany: How many homes are powered by incineration?
20,000
Copenhagen, Denmark: How many miles of cycle lanes?
250
Copenhagen, Denmark: What percentage of people cycle to school/work?
62%
Copenhagen, Denmark: What is significant with their government?
It is water-tight with high tax rates
Copenhagen, Denmark: How many fewer sick days?
1 million
Curitiba, Brazil: How many families have been helped by the Green Exchange?
30,000
Curitiba, Brazil: What fraction of the city is green space?
1/3
Curitiba, Brazil: What fraction of waste is sorted?
2/3
Curitiba, Brazil: Travel times have been cut by 1/3 due to what?
Boarding tubes
Lamb Drove (SuDS): What has been increased/improved?
Water quality
Biodiversity
Lamb Drove (SuDS): The SuDS were what percentage cheaper than traditional pipes?
10%
Lamb Drove (SuDS): Examples of SuDS?
Water butts
Retention ponds
Permeable paving
Beijing (Air Quality): How many cars?
4.8 million
Beijing (Air Quality): How many meters do some parts of the city have in visibility?
200m
Pollution of Land: How many flats were built in China in 2010 that had to be demolished and covered in plastic sheeting due to contamination?
2400
Pollution of Land: How many tons of waste does Cairo produce in a day?
10,000
NE China (Air Pollution): What percentage of people inhale clean air?
1%
NE China (Air Pollution): What fraction of deaths are related to smog?
1/3: 4,000 per day
NE China (Air Pollution): Top down solutions
Investement in renewables ($400 billion)
Gas fields (power 76 million homes for 10 years) but infrastructure is complicated
NE China (Air Pollution): Local scale solutions
Air purifier (1 million cubed feet per hour)
Industrial strength masks
Pollution monitors at home
Ulaanbaater, Mongolia (Air Pollution): How many babies/children are hospitalised per day?
300
Ulaanbaater, Mongolia (Air Pollution): Management
Charity started to fund air purifiers in all homes
Ban raw coal (expensive)
Government is doing very little
London (Air Pollution Reduction): What has been done regarding vehicles?
ULEZ (92% of vehicles meet standards = nitrous oxide pollution reduced by 44%)
Congestion zones (£15 per day)
11,000 electric vehicle chargers
London (Air Pollution Reduction): What has been done regarding technology?
Industrial emission filters = ULEZ compliant
Partnered with Bosch: 17 air monitors at traffic lights to decrease idling
London (Air Pollution Reduction): What has been done regarding legislation?
Clean Air Act (1956) = pollution reduced 92% since 1980
Smokeless Zone (2015) - no burning coal or wood
DEFRA
Lincoln (Waste Management): How many tons of waste per day?
462
Lincoln (Waste Management): How many homes can be powered?
15,000
Bristol (Waste Management): Recycling has been increased by what percentage?
50%
Bristol (Waste Management): Household waste has been decreased by what percentage?
15%
Sheffield Blue Loop (River Restoration): What improvements have been made?
Cycle paths
Wetlands
Uganda (British Empire Ruling): What was better before independence?
Transport infrastructure: Busoga Railway (1913)
Communication: dual mandate for overseas trade
Uganda (British Empire Ruling): What was better after independence?
Community: village phones educated farmers on techniques for highest profits
China (The Internet): When was the Great Firewall created?
1990s
What happened in 2014 with Ebay?
Passwords and personal details were exposed
Uganda (British Empire Ruling): The British Empire encourage what industry?
Cotton farming
Uganda (British Empire Ruling): What invasive species did the British Empire introduce that had a negative impact on the fishing industry?
Nile Perch
Uganda (British Empire Ruling): What company had a negative impact on the profits made due to controlling the trade from Uganda?
British East Africa Company
What percentage of people do not have access to the internet?
35%
Nigeria (Single Product Economy): Oil and gas accounts for what percentage of Nigeria's national income?
80%
Nigeria (Single Product Economy): How many have been employed by Shell?
6,000 directly and 20,000 indirectly
Nigeria (Single Product Economy): Benefits of Shell
Give billions in taxes per year
Social investments: Electricity, water, schools (3,000 scholarships), micro credit loans for startups, 1/4 million visit health clinics per year and rapid AIDS response.
Economic investment in local businesses
Investment in environmental improvements
Joining OPEC
Nigeria (Single Product Economy): Negatives of Shell
Ogani Land: extensive pollution that will cost $1 billion and 30 years to clean
Local death toll has increased due to water pollution
Neo-colonialism
Lagos: over-populated with 60% in squatter settlements
Increased crime - stealing oil
Oil flaring = wildfires in Niger Delta
Nike: How many times the legal limit for emissions?
177 times
Nike: Where are the factories located and what are the working conditions/pay like?
Vietnam
77 hour week for less than $1 per day
Nike: How many people in Vietnam have been employed?
400,000
Coca-cola: How much was invested in India?
$2 billion
Coca-cola: What does the Coca-cola Foundation do?
Micro loans to local businesses
Coca-cola: In 2012, they used what percentage of the world's demand of water?
25%
Starbucks: How many trees were planted by the Starbucks CAFE?
50 million
Apple: How many people were poisoned in a factory in China (2010)?
50
Palm Oil: By how much has the population of orangutans decreased in Borneo?
50%
Palm Oil: What percentage of palm oil is produced in Malaysia and Indonesia?
90%
Palm Oil: How many hectares have been cleared for monoculture?
13 million
El Guabo Association of Small Banana Producers: Economic improvements
Stabilised incomes
Guaranteed fair wages
Standard of living improvements
El Guabo Association of Small Banana Producers: Social improvements
Health care benefits
Social security system
Support for the poorest e.g. food baskets
Improved education
Help marginalised groups (e.g. AIDS) find employment
Management of global food systems
Fairtrade
RSPO
El Guabo Association for Small Banana Producers
Green Palm
Antarctica: How many tourists per year?
30,000
Antarctica: What organisation monitors tourism?
IAATO
Antarctica: When was the International Whaling Commission created?
1946
Antarctica: How many square kilometers are protected by the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary?
50 million
Antarctica: What is done every 10 years regarding fishing and whaling?
The whale numbers are checked
Antarctica: What is a limitation of the fishing and whaling management?
Some countries are still allowed to whale e.g. Japan
Antarctica: What was a problem with CCAMLR?
It took a long time for all members of the ATS to ratify
Antarctica: If all ice melted, how much would sea levels rise?
58m
Antarctica: How many tons of ice (shelves) lost in last 30 years?
6.5 trillion
Antarctica: Management for climate change should be...?
Global
Antarctica: When was the Antarctica Treaty System created?
1959
Antarctica: When was the Madrid Protocol created?
1991
Detroit (Changing Places): When was Ford founded?
1903
Detroit (Changing Places): When did Toyota become the leading global producer?
2008
Detroit (Changing Places): When did General Motors file for bankrupcy?
2009
Totnes: What company tried to set up in Totnes that got refused due to locals signing a petition?
Costa
Bristol: When was the Bristol Pound introduced?
2012
Ipswich: When was the Willis building built?
1974
Ipswich: When did ITFC win the FA Cup?
1978
Ipswich: When was the Orwell Bridge built?
1982
Ipswich: When was the Waterfront regenerated?
2005
Ipswich: When were the Steve Wright murders?
2006
Ipswich: When was the University of Suffolk built?
2007
Ipswich: What is the percentage of adult obesity?
33% (25% is national average)
Ipswich: What index has decreased since 2023?
House Index Price
Ipswich: What were some of the sources used to evaluate Ipswich?
- Youtube documentary on Steve Wright murders
- Census
- Visit Suffolk website
- ITV News coverage of Kesgrave shooting
Detroit: What is the timeline for Detroit?
1903 - Ford Motor Company founded
1930s - Great Depression
1959 - Motown Records
1960s/70s - Riots
1973 - First black mayor
Late 20th Century - Population decline, unemployment etc.
2013 - City declared bankrupcy
2019 - Fiat Chrysler investment
Detroit: What percentage of the population live in poverty?
31%
Detroit: What percentage of Detroit's population is African American or black?
82%
Detroit: What percentage achieved a Bachelor's or higher?
17%
Detroit: How much did Fiat Chrysler invest?
$4 billion
(Urban Development Corporation) - What was the focus with London Docklands?
Finance and TNC investment
(Urban Development Corporation) - What happened as a result of the shift in economy of London Docklands?
Gentrification:
Local workers/residents forced out
House prices/rents increased
Increased social inequality
(Urban Development Corporation) - How many ha were reclaimed?
600
(Urban Development Corporation) - How many jobs were created?
41,000
(Urban Development Corporation) - How was the London Docklands overhaul funded?
Private investment but government led
(City Challenge) - How was this funded?
Public and private
(City Challenge) - What were the positives of this policy?
It was partnership funded
Public/local community involvement
Bids were well thought through
(City Challenge) - How many new houses were built in Hulme?
900
(City Challenge) - How many jobs were created in Hulme?
540
(City Challenge) - Negatives of this policy?
Resources were thinly spread
The bidding system wasted time and money
Very small scale - wider city problems still prevailed
Incomplete
(Regional Development Agencies and Local Enterprise Partnerships) - What were the positives of these policies?
Private and public funded
Environmental clean-up
Focus on local enterprise and employment at all skill levels
More holistic
(Regional Development Agencies and Local Enterprise Partnerships) - Negatives of these policies?
Still issues with social inequality
Finding balance between gentrification and regeneration
(RDA) - What new shopping facility was built in Bristol?
Cabot Circus
(RDA) - What was improved?
Public transport
(RDA) - What were redeveloped?
Brownfield sites
(LEP) - How many jobs were created on Ipswich Waterfront?
56