Chemistry Chemical analysis
Test and result for hydrogen?
Burning splint and squeaky pop.
Test and result for oxygen?
A glowing splint and splint relights.
What is the test and result for carbon dioxide?
Bubbled through limewater and turns milky/cloud.
What is the test and result for chlorine?
Damp blue litmus paper.
Turns red then bleaches and turns white. (DON’T ONLY SAID RED ENSURE YOU SAY BLEACHED OR WHITE)
Because the hydrogen in the water (as litmus paper is damp) reacts with chlorine to form HCl, which is a strong acid and therefore bleaches the litmus paper.
How to perform flame test?
Dip a nichrome wire into acid to clean the wire.
Dip the nirchrome wire in the metal.
Put the wire in a blue flame, to see the colour easier.
Observe the colour.
What flame does lithium produce?
Crimson.
What flame does sodium produce?
Yellow.
What flame does potassium produce?
Lilac.
What flame does calcium produce?
Orange-red.
What flame does copper(II) produce?
Green flame.
Describe how to perform a precipitate test.
Add dilute sodium hydroxide solution to the test solution.
Observe the change in colour of the precipitate formed.
What precipitate does aluminium produce?
White.
What precipitate does copper(II) produce?
Blue.
What precipitate does iron(II) produce?
Green.
What precipitate does iron(III) produce?
Brown.
What precipitate does magnesium produce?
White.
What precipitate does calcium produce?
White.
How do you distinguish between aluminium, calcium and magneisum ions?
Add excess sodium hydroxide. If aluminium, it will dissolve, forming a colourless soloution.
If calcium or magneisum, it will be unchanged.
What happens when carbonates react with dilute acids?
It forms carbon dioxide gas.
How do we test for halide ions?
Add dilute nitric acid. Add silver nitrate solution and chekc the colour of the precipitate.
What precipitate does chloride produce?
White.
What precipitate does bromide produce?
Cream.
What precipitate does iodide produce?
Yellow.
How do we test for sulfate ions?
Add dilute hydrochloric acid and then barium chloide solution.
Precipitate is white if sulfate ions are present.
Why do we add dilute hydrchloric aciud when testing for sulfate ions?
As carbonate ions react with the acid, removing them and stopping them from giving a false positive result.
What are the advantages of using instrumental methods to identify elements and compounds?
They are accurate, sensitive and rapid.
Explain how flame emission spectroscopy works.
The sample is put into a flame and thelight given out is passed thrrough a spectroscope. The output is a line spectrum that can be analysed to identify the metal ions in the solution and measure their concentrations.
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