resesrhc ,ethocs
why use counterbwlwncing
to control for order effects
if asked to self report a score
pp may not provide an honest answer due to social desirwbility bias. it is also subjective
why is quantative data good
easy to analyse so a dofference can easily be accessed
how to we desl witu deception
maje a debrief to make pp aware of the true aim and also in order to give pp the right to withdraw their data
ehat do you need to be cwreful of when deciding on buewviourwl cwtergories
thwt they can be essily interpreted and wre not wmbigeous
whst should we do with behwbiours in between time frames
igmore fhem
what do resewrchers generallyw ccept
a correlwtion of +0.8 as a reasonsble degree pf imter rater reliwbility
why do we use the 5 percent level
it is the conventisl level of probsility employed by psychologists thst bslwnces fhe risk of msking a type 1 and 2 error
whst do scstteqrwms show
correlation
ehst does s correltiom shoe
relationship so cannot establish causation
matched pairs
questionaire - example of qiestion - match - eaxh mwmber randomly allocated into group
how do investigator effects work
researchers may unsciounsly infleumce responce given by pp by unintentionally conveyimg feelimgs. therefore unclesr whether chnage in dv is due to iv pr infestigatorneffects
how to desl with investigorneffects
double blind hypotheiss in which neither the the pp prnresearcher know who is in which condition so researcher cannot unconsciously give clues
what is s value
less feequemt one
process of peer review
- assessemmt of the appoprtisteness of the designs used and indepdent scruitnity by other osychokogidtd workimg in the same field
purpose of peer review
evelaute proposed designs for redesrch fundimg
process of content anlsysis
identify important themes (give example)
tally the number of occursmces of each theme
how would you improve reliability
improvemnt in reliability could be determined by establishing inter rater reliability
how does content analysis start
identify different catergories that emerge from the data regarding the behaviour described
how does inter rater relibaility stwrt
snother observer indepdently carries out the contenet snskysis snd then they calculate the correlation between the 2 sets of data
what does a comsent form include
informwtion about procedure aim and data use
what occurs in a quasi
resesrcher has no control over the variwbles as they are pre exisisting eg age
what is qualitative data
non numerical data
how can we reduce invetsiagtor wffects in an inferview
train people to give pp the same greeting to prevent converying clues uninetionwlly
what must you include in content anlysis
example of themes
if significant at 5 percent what does that mean
significant at the 5 percne tlevel
why use a non directional
no previous evidence to predict the direction of the results
what does a standerdised script ensure
that tresesrchers greet all particpatns in the sa,e way to prevent greeting some differently which could lesd to them unintentiononslly conveying certiwn ckues or feeligjs as a resut fo their unsonsciousnbias, eg if they esoect something they msy eg smike more towards those who have stay at home myms which could lesd them to act differnetly
strmegth of time sampligm
more apporpowte for recordimg ongoing behwviournthwt is likely to occur during a social settimg
what does standeridiswtion ensure
all pp greeted in the same way, in order to prevent the resesrcher fro, uni tentiounslt converying sny feekigns or clues through their tone as a result of their unspconscious bias
what does doubke bkind prevent
unintentionalky conveying any clues due to their unscious bias and helps t prevent bias when intpereting results