to control for order effects
pp may not provide an honest answer due to social desirwbility bias. it is also subjective
easy to analyse so a dofference can easily be accessed
maje a debrief to make pp aware of the true aim and also in order to give pp the right to withdraw their data
thwt they can be essily interpreted and wre not wmbigeous
igmore fhem
a correlwtion of +0.8 as a reasonsble degree pf imter rater reliwbility
it is the conventisl level of probsility employed by psychologists thst bslwnces fhe risk of msking a type 1 and 2 error
correlation
relationship so cannot establish causation
questionaire - example of qiestion - match - eaxh mwmber randomly allocated into group
researchers may unsciounsly infleumce responce given by pp by unintentionally conveyimg feelimgs. therefore unclesr whether chnage in dv is due to iv pr infestigatorneffects
double blind hypotheiss in which neither the the pp prnresearcher know who is in which condition so researcher cannot unconsciously give clues
less feequemt one
- assessemmt of the appoprtisteness of the designs used and indepdent scruitnity by other osychokogidtd workimg in the same field
evelaute proposed designs for redesrch fundimg
identify important themes (give example)
tally the number of occursmces of each theme
improvemnt in reliability could be determined by establishing inter rater reliability
identify different catergories that emerge from the data regarding the behaviour described
snother observer indepdently carries out the contenet snskysis snd then they calculate the correlation between the 2 sets of data
informwtion about procedure aim and data use
resesrcher has no control over the variwbles as they are pre exisisting eg age
non numerical data
train people to give pp the same greeting to prevent converying clues uninetionwlly
example of themes
significant at the 5 percne tlevel
no previous evidence to predict the direction of the results
that tresesrchers greet all particpatns in the sa,e way to prevent greeting some differently which could lesd to them unintentiononslly conveying certiwn ckues or feeligjs as a resut fo their unsonsciousnbias, eg if they esoect something they msy eg smike more towards those who have stay at home myms which could lesd them to act differnetly
more apporpowte for recordimg ongoing behwviournthwt is likely to occur during a social settimg
all pp greeted in the same way, in order to prevent the resesrcher fro, uni tentiounslt converying sny feekigns or clues through their tone as a result of their unspconscious bias
unintentionalky conveying any clues due to their unscious bias and helps t prevent bias when intpereting results