A Level Law - Unit 1
What is Public Law?
Concerns with the legal relationship between an individual against the state.
What is Private law?
Concerns with the legal relationship between two individuals against eachother.
Definition of Law.
A set of special rules governing behaviour.
How can Law be classified?
Public and Private Law, Civil and Criminal Law, Common Law and Equity and Common Law and Statute Law.
Definition of Criminal Law?
A system of Law concerned with the punishment of offenders.
Definition of Civil Law?
The part of a countrys set of Laws which only concerns private affairs, not criminal ones.
Definition of Statute Law.
The body of principles and rules of Law laid down in statutes (Acts of Parliament). This can also be called and referred to as Legislation.
Definition of Equity.
Quite literally means fairness.
Definition of Common Law
The law established, by precedent, from judicial decisions and established within a community.
Definition of Morality?
The principles concerning the distinction between good and bad behaviour or right and wrong.
What's the Distributive Justice?
The concerns of the distribution of goods and outcomes which should be equal, proportional and fair.
Definition of Utalitarianism.
Whether an action is morally right or wrong depends upon the effect of the action and whether it produces a good or bad result.
What's Harm Principle?
John Stuart Mill, a British Philosopher, stated that the only actions that can be prevented are ones that create harm.
What are Liberal-Natural Rights therories?
Founded by Philosopher John Locke, who argued that each man has a natural right to life, liberty and property which should not be violated by governments.
What are Libertarian-Market theories?
Interference in the market distribution of benefits and burdens would be unjust if it restricted or intervened with a persons individual freedom.
Definition of Formal Justice?
Equal application of procedural format of rules.
Definition of Substantive Justice?
Actual just nature of rules.
Definition of Natural Justice?
A duty to act fairly.