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chemistry chapter 2

matter

anything that has mass and take up space

chemistry

the study of the compositon of matter and the changes it undergoes

solid- characteristics- 6

definite shape, definite volume, stationary( vibrate and rotate), organized, particles are close, incompressable

liquid characteristics- 6

indefinite shape (shape of container), definite volume, particles are relatively close together, not organized (flows), particles move from place to place, imcompressible

gas characterisitcs 6

indefinite shape, indefinite volume, particles are very far apart, particles move, not organized, compressible

vapor

a substance now in the gas phase usually thought of as a solid of liquid

extensive property

characteristics that depend on the amount of matter present

intensive property

characteristics that depend on the type of matter instead of the amount of matter (identity)

examples of an extensive property 4

volume, energy, width, weight

example of an intensive property 5

boiling point, freezing point, color, density, texture

physical change

to modify the appearance of matter without changing its identity

ex of physical change 7

freezing, melting, bending, tearing, cutting, denting, evaporation,

ex of reversible physical changes

freezing, melting, denting, evaporation

ex of irreversible physical change 2

breaking, tearing

chemical change

to modify the identity of a substance or substances

ex of chemical change

leaves changing color, camp fire, spolied food

mixture

a physical blend between two or more substances that do not chemically react

heterogeneous mixture

a blend of matter which is a clear mix between two or more substances

homogeneous mixture

a blend of matter that looks uniform in its composition

solution

homogeneous mixture

phase

any part of a heterogeneous mixture that has uniform composition and properties

filtration

a process that generally separates a solid from a liquid using a semi permeable layer

ex filtration

spagetti and water, fruit and water, sifting sand, lemon squeezing

distillation

a liquid is boiled away from a mixture and then recondensed to recollect the liquid

pure substance

matter that has uniform and definite composition

difference between a pure substance and a mixture

a pure substance has a definite composition and a mixture does not

element

simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties

compound

two or more elements that have been chemically combined

chemical symbol

a notation of one or two letters representing an element

physical property

a characteristic or measurement that can be observed without changing the substances identity

ex of physical properties

color, boiling point, texture, density

chemical property

the ability or not of a substance to undergo a specific chemical reaction

chemical reaction

the event where one or more substances change into on or more different substances

reactant

substances present before the chemical reaction

product

substances that are formed during the reaction

four observation that indicate a chemical reaction

transfer of energy, production of a gas, formation of a precipitate, color change

precipitate

a solid formed during a reaction betwee homogeneous mixtures

law of conservation of mass

matter cannot be created or destroyed

when is matter conserved during the law of conservation of mass

during a physical change or chemical reaction

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