Biology test flashcards term 1a (living organisms & biological molecule)
what are the five kingdoms of life?
bacteria, fungi, protoctists, animals, plants
what is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic?
eukaryotic means it has a nucleus, contains membrane-bound organelles, and has DNA whereas prokaryotic doesn't.
what are the 8 movements of life?
movement, respiration, sensitivity, homeostasis, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition
which of the 5 kingdoms is prokaryotic?
bacteria
what does autotrophic mean?
they make their own food (eg photosynthesis)
what does heterotrophic mean?
to consume or ingest their food
what does saprotrophic mean?
digestion by releasing enzymes outside body (fungi + bacteria)
what is a metabolism?
Metabolism is the rate of chemical/cellular reactions. (respiration)
what is the word equation for respiration?
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
what is the chemical symbol equation for respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
are plants unicellular or multicellular?
multicellular
what are all the parts of a plant cell?
cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, chloroplasts
what are all the plants of an animal cell?
cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, cytoplasm, ribosomes,
what are all the parts of a bacterium cell?
flagellum, ribosomes, cytoplasm, capsule, cell wall, cytoplasm membrane, plasmid, nucleoid (DNA), pili
what are all the parts of a yeast cell?
cell wall, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria, nucleus, cell membrane,
diagram of a virus?
envelope, protien coat, nucleic acid (dna), spikes
what do the spikes on a virus do?
to help attach to specific cell surfaces
how do viruses reproduce?
The replication process of viruses occurs within the host cell and involves the virus's genetic material (DNA or RNA) taking control of the host cell's metabolic processes to produce more virus particles. This process can lead to the destruction of the host cell.
parts of a multicellular fungus such as mushrooms
cap, gills, pores, stalk, hyphae, spores
what are the cell walls of fungi made out of?
chitin
Do all pathogens cause diseases, true or false?
true
what is a protoctist?
Protoctists are all single celled organisms but unlike bacteria they are made of eukaryotic cells: cells with a nucleus and organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.
what is an amoeba protoctist?
they live in pondwater and have features like an animal cell
what is a chlorella protoctist?
they have chloroplasts and are more like plant cells
what pathogen is responsible for causing malaria?
plasmodium
what does the nucleus do?
controls the activities of the cell
what does cytoplasm?
its where chemical reactions take place
what does the cell membrane do?
it controls what goes in and out of the cell
what does a chloroplast do?
it contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis
what does a vacuole do?
its filled with cell sap, it stores mineral and salts, and presses outwards to help keep cell firm
what does the cell wall do?
it gives structural support to the cell
what does mitochondria do?
its the site of aerobic respiration
what do ribosomes do?
its where proteins are made in the cell
what is the main difference bacteria and viruses?
Bacteria are single cells that can survive on their own, inside or outside the body. Viruses cause infections by entering and multiplying inside the host's healthy cells
which of the five kingdoms has cellulose cell walls?
plants
which of the five kingdoms are all parasitic and have a protein coat
viruses
which of the five kingdoms are all microscopic and contain circular dna?
bacteria
what is the storage carbohydrate in plants
starch
what is the storage carbohydrate in animals
glycogen
what is one virus that may infect humans and state disease that it can cause?
HIV can cause AIDS
what are the 4 main atoms used in biology?
Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Which lipid are for plants and animals?
fats are for animals and plants are for oils
what is maltose made out of?
2 glucose
what is lactose made out of?
glucose and galactose
what is sucrose made out of?
glucose and fructose
what are the 2 types of carbohydrates?
simple and complex sugars
what is an example of simple sugars?
glucose (monosaccharide) and fructose (fruit sugar)
what is an example of complex sugars?
disaccharide (two-sugars) which is a combo like lactose which is glucose and lactose
about how many glucose molecules make starch?
1000's
if complex sugars like starch which is made out of glucose are insoluble in water then what does it make them useful for?
its useful for storage
why is starch a good storage molecule?
it is large, it is insoluble therefore does not dissolve and get lost from the cell, it is compact so lots of glucose can be stored in less space, it is not very reactive (glucose on its own is more reactive
How do you detect if glucose is present?
add benedicts solution, heat it, blue to brick red means its positive
How do you detect if starch is present?
add iodine solution, redbrown to blueblack means positive
How do you detect if protiens is present?
add biuret solution, blue to purple means its positive
How do you detect if lipids are present?
mix equal parts of ethanol and sample then add it into water. if a cloudy white emulsion forms its positive
what are protiens made of?
amino acids
what do all amino acids have?
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
how many amino acids are there?
20
functions of protien
makes enzymes and for growth and repair
what are the functions and uses of lipids?
store of energy, insulation, protection