planet earth vocab
boundaries
the edge where tectonic plates meet
diverging boundry
A boundary where two of Earth’s plates are moving apart
converging boundry
plates moving toward eachother
converging boundry type 1
One plate carries oceanic crust and one carries continental crust
converging boundry type 2
Two plates with continental crust move up against each other
transform boundry
Plates slide sideways past each other
mountain
Part of earth’s surface that is much
higher than land around it
mountain range
a series of mountains
anticline
downfold in a rock
syncline
upfold in rock
strata
layers of sediment that have formed over millions of
years
amber
fossilized tree sap
eras
time periods created by geologists based on the sequence of rock
strata
continental drift
theory that the continents have slowly drifted
folded mountains
similar moumtain formations found on different continents
glacier deposits
deep scratches in rocls that show glaciers once covered the land
coal deposits
coal deposits that seem to have been once connected
fold
bend
fault
break
fossils
traces of once living things preserved in rock
paleontologist
scientist who studies early lofe forms
trilobite
animal that once lived on the ocean floor, 300 million years ago
index fossils
particular fossils used to determine time periods
Plates
continental and oceanic crust
Mid atlantic ridge
mostly underwater mountain range south of the north pole
continental drift
movement of continent land masses
interior plain
a wedge shaped area of land extending from the canadian sheild to the rocky mountains
Precambrian Sheild
Rock formation formed between 544 and 4500 million years ago
Metamorphic rock
rocks that have changed from pressure and heat
Sedimentary Rock
Rock formed from sediment deposited from water or air
Igneous Rock
rock formed from hot molten rock
seismotologist
expert in seismology or the study of earth quakes
Streak
colour of powder left behind when you rub across of rough surface
Mohs Hardness scale
ten minerals ranked by hardness
properties
features material or object has
minerals
naturally occuring solid materials being laid down or deposited by wind
seismograph
device that detects the waves of energy that spread through earth
cleavage
the slpit of a material into two smooth surfaces
depositation
process of eroded ,aterials being laid down or deposited by wind
erosion
process that moves soil from one place to another
weathering
process that wears down rocks and other material
lava
molten rock that flows out of a volcano
fracture
mineral breakage into rough and uneven surfaces
bedrock
layer of solid rock beneath the loose rock fragments
glacier
moving mass of snow and ice
sedimentation
process of sediments being deposited on surface features
sediment
salt , sand, gravel, and mud caried by flowing river
biological weathering
wearing away of rocks by living things
chemical weathering
when water in the air combines with chemical substances in the air
mechanical weathering
when rock is broken aprt by physical forces
magma
molten rock inside of earth
seismogram
print out of seimograph
surveyors level
device that measures minute changes in the angle of ground slopes
epicentre
point on the surface directly above the focus
focus
first place the rock breaks below the surface in a earthquake
earthquakes
trembling or vibrations of the ground
crust
layer that cover the earth
mantle
firts layer that makes up the interior of the earth
outer core
liquid section of the central layers
inner core
central layer of earth beleived to be solid
geologists
scientists who study the interior and surface of the earth
model
idea of something that cant fully be known or seen