revision
what is protoplasm
cytoplasm+neucleoplasm
what is cell without cell wall is called ?
protoplast
1st dead cell was discovered by?
Robert hook
cellula is a
latin word
1at time living cell was discovered by ?
anton van leuwenhoek
1st living cell discovered was ?
a bacterial cell
nucleus was discovered by ?
Robert brown
cell theory was formulated by ?
Matthias scheilden & Theodore schwann
cell theory was deduced in
1838,39
drawback of cell theory (1838,39)
the question of how new cells were formed
the outermost layer present in bacterial cell are?
glycocalyx
what is the thick and tough layer and loose sheath layer of glycocalyx called ?
capsule , slime layer
how is mesosomes are formed ?
by the extensions of cell membrane into the cell
in cyanobacteria membrane extensions into the cytoplasm , which contains pigment is ?
chromatophores
what are the three parts of flagella -
filamemt , basal body and hook
beside flagella ______ and ______ are also surface structures but do not play a role in motility
pili and fimbriae
in prokaryores , ribosomes are atteches with
cell membrane
prokaryotic ribosomes are made of 2 subunites ---
50S and 30S together makes a 70S prokaryotic ribosomes
egs of reserve material or inclusion body in a prokaryotic cells are
phosphate granules , cyanophycean granules and glycogen granules
cell membrane of eukaryotes are mainly composed of
lipids ( major phospholipid ) , proteins , cholesterol and carbohydrates
in human being , composition of protein and lipids in erythrocytes are
52% - protein and 40% - lipids
fluid mosaic model was propsed by amd when ?
singer and nicolson ( 1972 )
in alage cell wall is made of -
cellulose , galactans , mannans and CaCO3
in plants , cell wall is made of
cellulose , hemicellulose , pectin and protein
middle lamellae is a layer of
mainly calcium pectate
connects the cytoplasm of neighbouring cells
plasmodesmata
endomembrane system includes
ER , golgi complex , lysosome and vacuoles
function of RER
synthesis of proteins
funtion of SER
synthesis of lipid and lipid like streoidal hormones ( in animals )
full form of PPLO
pleura neumonia like organism
diamter of erythrocytes
7.0um
length of mycoplasma
0.3um
largest isolated singe cell is
egg of an ostrich
fluid mosaic model was proposed in ? year and by whom
1972 , singer and nicolson
on the ease pf extraction protein ( membrane ) are of two types -
integral and peripheral
_____ nature of ______ enables the lateral movement of membrane protein within the ovwrall bilayer
quasi-fluid nature , lipid
fluid mosaic model is the structure of -
cell / plasme membrane
golgi apparatus was first observed by ?
camillo golgi ( in 1898 )
golgi complex is the main site for the formation of ?
glycoproteins and glycolipids
golgo apparatus is an important site for the formation of ?
glycoprotein and glycolipid
no of mitochondria per cell depends
on its physiological activities
shape of mitochondria
sausage shaped or cylindrical
diameter of mitochondria
0.2um - 1.0um ( average 0.5um )
length of mitochondria
1.0-4.1um
inner membrane of mitochondria forms a no of infoldings called -
cristae ( towards the Matrix)
inner compartment of mitochondria is filled with a dence homogeneous substances called
matrix
on the basis of pigments platids are classified as
chloroplast, chromoplast and leucoplast
chloroplast consist pigments -
chlorophyll and carotenoids
chlorophyll and carotenoids are responsible for
traping light energy
chromoplast contains pigment
fat soluble carotenoids like carotenes and xanthophyll
carotene and xanthopyll are responsible
for providing some parts of the plant yellow red and orange colour
are colourless plastid and thier fuction?
leucoplast , to store nutrients
amyloplast stores
carbohydrates ( starch )
elaioplast stores
oils and fats
aleuroplast stores
proteins
matric of mitochondria contains
- single circular DNA, some ribosomes , few rna molecules and components requierd for protein synthesis
length and width of mesophyll cells
l ( 5-10um ) W ( 2.4um )
chloroplast are
double membrane bounded
space limited by inner membrane of chloroplast
stroma
atroma consist of no of organised flattened membranous sacs
thylakoids
thylakoids in a stack ot pile of coins are called
grana
flat membranous tublues connects thylakoids of different grana
stroma lamellae
stroma of the chloroplast contains
single circular DNA, ribosomes and enzyme's required for synthesis of protein and carbohydrates
ribosomes were first observed by
George palade ( 1953 )
ribosomes are composed of
rna and protein