Nature of Research
Systematic investigation or study conducted using an accepted methodology to establish facts based on pieces of evidence to make a conclusion and create knowledge that may be useful in discovering more learning that may innovate and contribute to the body of knowledge that exists at present
Research
Associated with the word systematic, which concerns careful planning and structure organization of data to be processed and later interpreted to come up with a more concrete result.
Research
Concerned with the term investigation, which means a formal examination of data to separate those that are relevant and useful to the topic under study.
Research
This is very important to ensure accuracy in the interpretation of data and making appropriate findings and conclusions to derive meaningful recommendation
Research
The way the research processes the data to produce accurate results
Methodology
These may concern the right sampling size, sampling techniques utilized, and appropriateness of the instrument used to gather the salient data
Methodology
It should be emphasized so that the true representation of the population maybe achieved to come up with accurate data
Sampling Size and Sampling Technique
A researcher should see to it that the instrument utilized is valid and reliable so that the objective of the study may be realized with accuracy and consistency.
Instrument for Gathering Data
List of Researchable Topics
Global of International Issues
Present Emerging Problems
Unsatisfactory Conditions Experienced
Topic that should be avoided
Obvious and Common
Concern Morality
Include Superstitious Beliefs
Guide to assist researchers on how to go about their research activities
Research Process
Specific issue that is aimed at being addressed in the research activity
Research Problem
Focuses on practical problems aimed at contributing to change and innovation or aimed at expanding knowledge based in theoretical framework
Research Problem
The study needs this to do research that will add a novel and relevant topic
Research Problem
The most important step toward knowing exactly what should be done and why
Research Problem
Specific Statements that will guide the research study in attaining its purpose
Objectives
The statements will help the researchers to answer the research problem, part by part, supported by data gathered throughout the process
Objectives
The secret to writing objectives/sub problems is what?
Asking the right questions
Proposed statement for the sake of an argument that can be tested to find out if it is true or false
Hypothesis
Derived from the hypothetical statement in the sub problem, basically looking for variance or correlation of variables
Hypothesis
Statements that can be tested using statistical tools whereby an analyst test the statements regarding a sample parameter.
Hypothesis
Structure that supports the theory of a research study
Theoretical Framework
It introduces the theory that explains why the present research problem exists
Theoretical Framework
Represents how the researcher will undergo the research process
Conceptual Framework
It is based on the statement of the problem, which presents the context and the issues that caused the researcher to conduct the study
Conceptual Framework
Collection of ________ relevant to the present research activity to supplement the issues under study
Review of Related Literature and Study
It may support or contradict the concept of present study
Review of Related Literature and Study
Strengthen the concepts under study by synthesizing results and forming generalizations
Review of Related Literature and Study
Structure of research activity chosen by the researcher
Research Design
Based on the nature of the problem and the type of research
Research Design
Consists of a plan for the collection, measurement, analysis and interpretation of data
Research Design
Examples of basic research design
Experimental Design
Descriptive Design
Case-Study
Historical Design
Process of gathering, organizing and measuring information based on the given variables in the statement of the problem
Data Collection
Established systematically to answer the research questions, test hypothesis, interpret data, evaluate outcomes and make conclusions and generalizations
Data Collection
Most popular data collection techniques
Survey Questionnaire
Structured Interviews
Examples of data collection techniques
Raw Score from Test Results
Performance Rating
Observation
Focus Group Discussion
Standardized Instruments
A series of steps undertaken to organize data, statistically treat them, and extract results based on the sub-problems to answer research problem
Data Processing
Applying any statistical tool to numerical data
Statistical Treatment
2 Types of Statistical Treatment
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
Summarized data as a graph or summary statistic and describe the conditions of data
Descriptive Statistics
Make educated guess and test hypothesis on a given date.
Inferential Statistics
Process of applying any statistical and/or logical techniques to describe, illustrate, summarize, and evaluate data, presenting them in a paragraph form and interpreting it to derive findings and conlusions
Data Analysis
Helps in reducing a large amount of data into smaller fragments that make sense and easy to understand
Data Analysis
In making it, present both the negative and positive results but save the interpretation for the conclusion.
Summary of Findings
Should be stated at the beginning of each paragraph as the topic sentence
Summary of Findings
The intention of giving this is to identify and understand the relevance and significance of the study after reading it
Conclusion
It is not __________ but synthesis of salient results
Conclusion
For most reaseach paper, one well developed paragraph is sufficient for _________
Conclusion
In giving this, always address the limitations and suggest how they might be overcome in future work; avoid using the word "must" or "should"
Recommendations
Suggestions for the improvement of the study and should not be imposed or sound as if they are required by the researcher
Recommendations
Should be based on the findings and conclusion of the study
Recommendations
Should be concrete and specific, should be supported by clear rationale and connected to the conclusions
Recommendations
Should support the results of the study, should give justice to the findings and conclusions
Recommendations
Essential component of ensuring data integrity is the accurate and appropriate analysis of findings
Summary of Findings
A well writen conclusions provides several pieces of information to give an overall understanding of the research problem
Conclusion