true false -4
There are small attractive forces between molecules in a liquid or a solid.
F
A system of springs is used as a model representing the forces in a liquid lattice.
F
The rate of diffusion of a particular substance is proportional to the cross-sectional area and to the concentration gradient.
T
The diffusion rate gradually decreases as the solute becomes evenly distributed in the solvent, and diffusion will cease entirely when the solution becomes completely uniform.
T
Since diffusion is the result of molecular motion, anything increasing the motion will decrease the diffusion.
F
Diffusion is a process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated, i.e. against the concentration gradient.
F
The osmotic pressure of solutions is a very important concept in physiology since it is related to the transfer of solutes in the body.
F
If a solution is made more concentrated by adding more solute molecules and decreasing the number of solvent molecules, the osmotic pressure is reduced.
F
The solvent will move across a semipermeable membrane from the hypotonic to the hypertonic solution.
T
There are two main parts of a nephron: the glomerulus and the
tubule.
T
Dialysis is a procedure that helps the body by performing the
functions of failed kidneys. That is why the term dialysis is most
appropriately used with respect to the function of the artificial
kidney, which is referred to as a “dialysis machine“.
T
Although the blood pressure in the capillaries varies widely, there is a consistent drop in pressure between the arteriolar end and the venular end of the capillaries.
F
Albumin is a small protein made in the liver that constitutes the
major protein in the blood serum. If a person loses albumin from the blood, then a collection of fluid in tissues is referred to as edema.
T
Increased losses of salt from the blood can upset fluid balance.
T
When the forces of attraction are between unlike molecules,
they are said to be cohesive forces.
F
Osmosis is a form of facilitated diffusion.
F
The surface tension is responsible for the shape of liquid droplets.
T
Antiseptics are an essential part of infection control practices
used in hospitals. The effectiveness of antiseptics with low surface tension is partially due to the fact that they wet the surface to be disinfected more thoroughly.
T
Surface tension and Ohm ́s law play an essential role in
respiration, since the oxygen exchange from air to blood takes place in small round bubble-like structures called alveoli in the lungs.
F
Surfactant is produced in the lungs to obtain an optimal radius
for the alveoli by increasing the membrane surface tension. This prevents the alveoli from collapsing when an individual exhales.
F
One of the remarkable phenomena in the process of respiration is the role of the surfactant coating the walls of the alveoli of the lungs.
Laplace ́s law is involved in the challange of the first breath of air taken by an infant at birth.
T
The surfactant and fluid coating of the alveoli is able to perform some regulation. As the radius of the alveoli gets smaller, the surfactant becomes more concentrated on the
surface of the fluid, increasing its surface tension and thus
preventing the collapse of alveoli.
F
As the alveoli begin to deflate, their smaller radii lead to increased Pascal ́s pressure, helping the chest recoil process, which pushes air out of the lungs.
F
Surface tension in a film of liquid is defined as the ratio of the
surface force to the length along which the force acts.
T
An increase in blood viscosity will place a greater burden on the heart since more pressure will be required to maintain the normal flow rate.
T
Ion pumps are responsible for maintaining asymmetric
concentration difference of ions across cell membranes against the concentration gradient.
T
A semipermeable membrane is a prerequisite for osmosis.
T
The lungs of premature infants often fail to produce adequate
amounts of surfactants required for breathing.
T
Water flows out of a capillary at the upstream end near an
arteriole and reenters a capillary downstream near a venule.
T
There is a relatively small net loss from the blood in the capillaries.
T