chapter 5 bio
what are the 3 sugar types
monosaccharides, disacharrides, polysacharrides
describe monosacharrides and give an example
single unit sugars eg glucose and fructose
describe disacharrides and give example
double unit sugars eg sucrose and plant sap
describe polysacharrides (say EVERYTHING)
polymers of monosacharrides, complex carbohydrates e.g starch, glycogen, cellulose.
starch n glycogen= storage
cellulose= structural
lipids characteristics
hydrophobic.
acts as boundary that surrounds and contains the aqueous contents of your cells.
some r signaling molecules e.g hormones.
types of lipids
fats and steroids
fats examples
animal fats (butter)
plant oils (olive oil, almond oil)
fats types
saturated (max amount of hydrogen molecules and no double bonds)
unsaturated (contains double bonded carbon atoms)
saturated fats GO
too much creates plaque in blood vessel and doesnt let the blood pass through the vessel to reach cell so cell dies which results in heart attack.
steroids
lipid molecule in which the carbon skeleton forms four fused rings.
signaling molecules.
cholestrol (precursor of signaling molecules)
protiens.
polymers constructed from a set of js 20 kinds of amino acids.
antibodies, hair and fur muscles, enzyme
structure determines function
denaturatio n
denaturation of a protien is when a change in the environmental factors, pH, temp or another quality of the environment causes a protien to unravel and lose its shape.
factors that impacy protiens shape
temp, environment, pH
side group bonds
sequence of amino acids
whats activation energy
start up energy for a reaction
whats substrate
reactant that attaches itself to an enzyme
active site
part of an enzyme in which the substrate is fitted
catalyst
compounds that speed reactions up without being used up themselves
enzymes
a recycable protien substance that speeds reactions up by lowering activation energy
how do enzymes lower activatoon energy
the actove site changes its shape slightly to fit the substrate better thus the tighter grip on the substrate from the active site weakens its bonds.
by accepting two substrates and holding them close by, the enzyme can catalyse the formation of larger molecules from smaller molecules
whats sucrase
an enzyme for the hydrolysis reaction of sucrose