Ovido
Språk
  • Engelska
  • Spanska
  • Franska
  • Portugisiska
  • Tyska
  • Italienska
  • Nederländska
  • Svenska
Text
  • Stora bokstäver

Användare

  • Logga in
  • Skapa konto
  • Uppgradera till Premium
Ovido
  • Hem
  • Logga in
  • Skapa konto

PY2507.7 ~ {Navigational impairments}

Siegel and White (1975):a hierachical model: 3 diff levels [stages] for navigational profiency

spatialknowledge: landmark processing + route processing + survey processing

landmark processing

individuals have ability to perceptually discriminate and recognize landmarks

route processing

individuals can use directional info based on ego centric representation as well as landmarks [turn left at this landmark to reach the next one]

survey processing

individuas can rely on global representation of enviro, like a map

spatial knowledge

a person's understnding of the layout, structure and relationships between places or objects in an enviro [landmark,route & survey]

what did Montello (1988) argue about stages of spatial knowledge

that there are no pure separate stages, survey knowledge begins forming right from the first exposure

how does spatial knowledge change with experience, according to Montello

changes quantitatively - you gather more info, but the type of knowledge stays similar

do all individuals acquire spatial knowledge the same way

no - individuals diff mean that even with the same exposure, peope vary in their spatial understanding

is spatial knowledge only metric [map-like] or linguistic

can be both - linguistic spatial knowledge [verbal directions] exists alongside metric spatial knowledge and is not just a precursor to it

what are the 3 diff dorsal pathways involved in sk

parieto-premotor pathway supports visually-guided actions
parieto-prefrontal pathway supports s processing and memory

parieto-medial temporal pathway that supports navigation

retrosplenial cortex

found in posterior cingulate cortex [behind corpus callosum]
helps translate between egocentric (self-centered) & allocentric (map-like) representations, crucial for using landmarks to navigate & for integrating spatial memory with current perception.

parahippocampul cortex

located in medial TL adjacent to hippocampus
involved in scene recognition & contextual spatial memory, helps encode + retrieve the layout of places & is part of the parahippocampal place area (PPA).

what happens is sretrosplenial cortex is damaged

can cause topographicl disorientation - people may recognize landmarks but be unable to use them to navigate

what theory did O'Keefe and Nadel (1978) propose about the hippocampus

the Cognitive Map Theory - states that hippocampus constructs internal maps of spatial enviros for navigation

what are place cells and where are they found

neurons in the hippocampus that fire when an individual is in a specific location - support the brain's ability to form spatial maps

what evidence supports the role of the hippocampus in navigation

discovery of place cells (O'Keefe & Dostrovsky, 1971) + impaire navigation in patients with hippocampal damage (Smith & Milner, 1989) + neuroimaging studies showing hippocampal activation during spatial tasks (Maguire et al., 1998; Hartley et al., 2003)

what did Maguire's study of London taxi drivers reveal

experienced taxi drivers has larger posterior hippocampi, suggesting structural changes due to long-term spatial navigation

place cells in humans Ekstrom et al. (2003)

[like animals] most densely clustered in the hippocampus - they recorded brain activity in patients with implanted electrodes as they explored virtual towns

which brain regions responded to diff spatial feaures in Ekstrom et al's study

hippocampus - specific locations [place cells] + parahippocampal region - landmarks + frontal lobes - goal-related behaviour + amygdala - some spatial activity, less specific

head cells

fire when animals are heading in a certain direction, first described by James Ranck (1985) in hippocampal formation [subiculum]

grid cells

fire in a regular triangular array or grid of locations, possibly elements of a metric system for spatial navigation - first discovered in the entorhinal cortex (Hafting et al., nature 2005)

who won the joint nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014

John O'Keefe and May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain

the parahippocampal place area [PPA]

a region in posterior parahippocampal corex that responds preferentially to pics of places / landmarks (Epstein & Kanwisher, 1998)

what do parahippocampal lesions [both anterior and posterior] result in

pposterior - landmark agnosia [damage to lingual gyrus as well]
anterior - anterograde disorientation [sometimes retrospinal cortex]

landmark agnosia

patients report they cannot identify topographical entities such as buildings or streets [sometimes they compensate for this impairment by focusing on particular obj in enviro

anterograde disorientation

exhibit prob of spatial memory - difficulty learning and navigating new enviro despite being able to navigate familiar places normally [known at east 6 months before lesions]

retrospinal cortex lesions - heading disorientation

can visually recognize places and buildings, but can't use these landmarks for purposes of orientation [they can look at building & name it but not any other location nearby which is not immediately visible + ego-allocentric transformation probs

What is egocentric navigation and which brain areas support it?

relies on landmarks and turn-based routes from your perspective, involves PPA, parietal cortex [precuneus, cuneus, inferior parietal lobule] retrosplenial cortex

What is allocentric navigation and which brain areas support it?

uses map-like (survey) strategies, relies on hippocmpus [place cells], entorhinal cortex [grid cells]

What’s the key difference between egocentric and allocentric navigation?

e - self centered perspective using routes & landmarks
a - bird's-eye/map-like view using spatial relationships between locations

egocentric disorientation

follows right or bilateral posterior PL lesions - inability to: represent the location of enviro obj with respect to self + point towards locations when eyes closed + learn or recall appropriate spatial direction + disorientation in both novel and familiar environment [landmark recognition is fine, often associated with other visuo-spatial deficits]

corsi test

test of visuo-spatial memory [not directly related to navigational skills cause processing micro visuo-spatial space can be spared in patients with damage to macro [navigational] space

assessment of navigational disorders

virtual reality vs real enviro tasks + landmark recog + route learning + WaICT + map following + route/map drawing
rarely evaluated in current clinical neuropsych practice + suitable diagnostic instruments are lacking -

WaICT [walking corsi test]

route learning in experimental setting (Piccardi et al., 2014) - participants are asked to learn and reproduce sequences of spatial locations by walking a path shown by experimenter

map draawing

drawing a map of a familiar enviro or an enviro explored with examiner used to assess survey representation skills

morris water maze

studies spatial learning and memory [esp rodents], animal placed in diff locations in pools across trials + must use visual cues around room to learn platform's fixed location overtime animal swims more directly to platform

developmental topographical disorientation

a deficit in development of landmark, route or survey knowledge in context of normal intellectual ability in absence of any known perinatal, neurological or psychiatric disorders - selective developmental deficit

Quiz
PY2507.6 ~ {Neglect}
PY2507.5 ~ {Ataxia, Apraxia & Agnosia}
PY2507.4 ~ {Laterization + Aphasia + Dyslexia & Dysgraphia}
PY2507.3 ~ {Laterisation + Aphasia}
PY2507.2 ~ {Phonetics}
PY2507.1 ~ {Communication by sound}1.0
eval chap 3
Läkemedel
wx
metafisicas espiritualistas.
spans
Quiz Time
Samhällsekonomi
Test
Chemické UH
Organogenní UH
Hořlavé UH
Hořlavé UH
phyisque
Unité 3 Volet 2
protection sociale
filosofi
preliminary
Rapporti Anatomia II
examen rocio - copia
examen rocio
1er exanen
Erdkunde Klausur
C# Season 2 Chapter 11 part 2
Clases Noviembre
Clases Octubre
Salter
omtenta anatomi 2 hela tentandetta är själva tentan
Matspjälkning Agne
Scienze
Cose da ricordare di Anatomia 2blabla
frans
seminarium
fire
Creation
demokrati och diktatur
ciênciassistema urinário 6-ano.
diass
Juridik
test 1
test 2 (first)
test 1
eval chap 2
Intro to AIS
Ethics
busuu_invitaciones
Frequency
RVUAGM (nephro)
Toca Boca
concorso 5
1. Productos con historia
Traduce_semana_8_parte2
Bipolarisation du monde et émergence du Tiers-monde
digital marketing
oliver
Religion quiz 2
historydefinitions
A2
Ai
Krukväxter
Snittblommor
Materiallära
De fem Stilformerna
catala
Literatura SXV
Florist skadedjur osv
Tus metas
Etapa 5
engelska glosor v 8
clothes
10. Llegar a la meta
grupo R
psychologie devoirs 1
CLJ 3
Värme
Fysik, hävstänger
Computer exam 1
bedömning och lärande
GET
Friend Quiz
Homie Quiz
Spin scores
Vetenskap teori och metod
libro 2 lección 1
w/Article
immune system
blood bio12https://www.purposegames.com/game/blood-types-antigens-and-antibodies
Arabo
tema 4 estequimetría y química industrial
Soccer Positions
unit 4,5 y 6 (2)
doa
FC1
A+Bthis is a quiz i made for u aden
Química UNAM (2)
filosofie begrippen module 2
20英语
Fysik, Rörelse
Fysik, kraft
describing house and rooms
prefixes
part of the house and garden
type of house
concorso 4
vocabulario unit 4
c# Season 2 chapter 11 part 1
c# Season 2 chapter 10 part 4
c# Season 2 chapter 10 part 3
c# Season 2 chapter 10 part 2
c# Season 2 Chapter 10 part 1
Geographic features
c# Season 2 chapter 9 part 3
Genetik
c# Season 2 chapter 9 part 2
c# Season 2 chapter 9 part 1
Vocabulario ingles
漢字 Lesson 9-13
Ruimtemeetkunde def
Histo tissus nerveux
yasirintentional torts
yasir
Vocabulaire T7
landen
spanjoren
bisectriz
sozij
Omvårdnad
alphabet
PLENOS
20英语
Chapter 3
Quiz 2 Prelim
Religion quiz 1
literary terms
Braveheart
interrogazione
organica
kreglinger deel 3
kreglinger deel 2
Francês "Mes copains et moi
Come Sample
Political
Kreglinger deel 1
Sociolingvistik
vocabulaire Frans
Groupe
extras
nouriture
Q3 NRI Quiz #2
Ficha formativa
nourriture
nourriture
nourriture
Anatomie-chap1
nourriture
nourriture
concorso 3
nourriture
Literatura Novelas s. XX hasta hoy
social studies
What nexthola
Social Causes
Extern redovisning - kopia
democratie
Extern redovisning - kopia
vocab unit 4
Ethics 3
Extern redovisning - kopia - kopia
Ethics 2
ethics 1
Economic causes
PART 1
Examen 2 (1° parte)
methodologie
psychologie sociale G.DELELIS
8
vocabulary unit 4,5& 6
ALLOS in the Philippines
Lexture 1 notes
Prefix, Grekiska/Latinska ord översatt till Svenska
Suffix, Grekiska/Latinska ord översatt till Svenska
Français
Histoire
Natur 2
Expansions du nom Français
2.7 Lichaamsverzorging en cosmetica
Español UNAM (2)
2.6 Uiterlijk
Industriella revolutionen
Espagnol
histoire leh
Socio. : culture - socialisation - socialisation de genre - immigration et diversité ethno. - santé = phénomène social
Extern redovisning
Plugg HKKAktie
glosor
preguntas morfemas
tyska prov 19/2
Español UNAM
so
2.5 Activiteit, beweging en toestand
Engelska glosor
2.4 Zintuigen en lichamelijke reacties
Spanska glosor
Tema 5 curvas
Biología UNAM (3)
2.3 Geboorte, levensloop, dood
2.2 Seksualiteit en voortplanting
Geographie Afrika
mesa
2.1 Lichaamsdelen en organen
geographie
Histoire de france du 20e au 21e
quiz 1
Forskningsmetod
Suffix
Defi 2 M2 et M3
Traduce_semana_8
Examen 1 (2° parte)
Food and drinks
Spanish
Componisten
Lektion 1
Gudarna
Lexical Language Features
Phonological Language Features
Diritto Costituzionale
Grammatical Features of English
All Quize Data o Nätt
vocabulario libro ingles
ethik
gui,yuiyi,uvygj,uy,ku
Week 8- Skin Care2: Treating Hyperpigmentation - copy
vocab book
omprov spanska