schizophrenia
what is not a positive delusion?
delusions of grandeur
what are the 4 classes of schizophrenic symptoms?
positive, disorganised, negative, cognitive
antipsychotic medication shows efficacy for
positive & disorganised symptoms
common psychological treatment for schizophrenia is
all of the above
what us anhedonia?
lack of pleasure
which of the following is not a psychological therapt for schizophrenia
hypnotherapy
which of the following is not a type of positive symptom
catatonia
what is the dopamine hypothesis?
excessive dopamine activity produces the positive symptomology of schizophrenia
genetic risk of schizophrenia is divided into 3 separate genetic contributors
which of the following is not one of them
karyotype deletion
which is not a type of schziphorenific disorder
schizotypal personality disorder
what are delusions classified as in schizophrenia?
positive symptoms
what is the most common type of positive symptoms that occurs in schizophrenia?
hallucinations
common features of schizophrenia spectrum & other psychotic disorders include
psychosis
Mary is convinced that her family is trying to poison her even though there is no evidence of this
what symptom of schizophrenia is this?
persecutory delusions
when is the usual onset of schizophrenia
late adolescence
how is schizophrenia different in men & women?
severity is worse & onset is earlier for men
what is a common comorbid diagnosis of schizophrenia?
anxiety
depression
which of the following is not a negative symptom of schizophrenia
delusions
which 2 domains are evident in psychosis
positive & disorganised
what are examples of delusions?
thought insertion & ideas of reference
which is the main neurotransmitter excessively hyperactive in the brain in schizophrenic patients
dopamine
people with Schizophrenia experience _______, a loss of contact with reality
psychosis
which disorder is characterized by marked symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder
schizoaffective disorder
_________ delusions are the most common type of delusions in schizophrenia
persecution
Sam believes the Queen of England is in love with him. he does not have any other symptoms
his most likely diagnosis would be
delusional disorder
when a person incorporates unimportant events within a delusional framework and reads personal significance into trivial activities of others it is called
ideas of reference
according to the dsm-5, symptoms of schizophrenia must be present for at least _____ in order to be diagnosed
6 months
which of the following findings led to the conclusion that schizophrenia may be caused by dopamine activity
drugs that relieve schizophrenic symptoms have side effects similar to Parkinson's disease
the anhedonia deficit in schizophrenia appears to be in ______ pleasure, not in the presence of pleasurable things
anticipating
which of the following have been proposed as likely contributors to the reductions in hippocampal volume observed in people with schizophrenia
stress reactivity and a disrupted HPA axis
a consistent brain abnormality found among people with schizophrenia is
enlarged ventricles
this theory proposes that during the course of their developing illness, people with schizophrenia may drift into poor neighborhoods because their illness impairs their earning power and they cannot afford to live elsewhere
social selection theory
______ training is designed to teach people with schizophrenia how to successfully manage a wide variety of interpersonal situations, such as discussing their medications with their psychiatrist, ordering meals in a restaurant, filling out job applications, etc
social skills
in schizophrenia research, prodrome refers to
the period before a person meets diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia but nonetheless shows some symptoms
in this condition, individuals taking antipsychotic medications may develop severe muscular rigidity accompanied by fever
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
acute episodes of schizophrenia are characterized by _____ symptoms
positive
avolition, anhedonia, flat affect and alogia, are examples of ______ symptoms
negative
Lewis is diagnosed with schizophrenia. while talking to his case manager, he is able to somewhat successfully communicate but has tremendous difficulty sticking to one topic
Lewis is exhibiting which symptom of schizophrenia
derailment
this symptom of schizophrenia, takes many forms - patients may go into inexplicable bouts of agitation, dress in unusual clothes, act in a childlike or silly manner, hoard food or collect garbage
disorganised behaviour
all of the following are forms of delusions except
hearing voices arguing
the is likely that schizophrenia is genetically ______, that is, the genetic diathesis may vary from case to case
heterogenous
evidence suggests that in people with schizophrenia, cognitive deficits supported by the prefrontal cortex, as well as symptoms of disorganization, may be connected to deficits involving
NMDA
evidence as to the importance of the prefrontal cortex as it pertains to schizophrenia includes all of the following except
people with schizophrenia perform well on tests designed to tap functions promoted by the prefrontal region
stress _______ and a disrupted _______ axis likely contribute to the reductions in hippocampal volume observed in people with schizophrenia
reactivity; HPA
recent findings suggest that reduced _______ volume in people with schizophrenia may reflect a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributing to the cause of schizophrenia
hippocampal
2nd-generation antipsychotic drugs have been shown to be more effective than 1st-generation antipsychotic in all of the following areas except
reducing positive symptoms
some 2nd-generation drugs were modestly more effective than the 1st-generation drugs in reducing _______ symptoms and improving _______ deficits
negative; cognitive
recently developed treatments that seek to enhance basic cognitive functions, such as verbal learning ability, are referred to as
cognitive enhancement therapy