bio 30 digestion test
How much food does an adult consume between ages 18-38?
About 20,000 kg, approximately 1 metric tonne per year.
Why do humans need a constant source of food?
To provide energy for biochemical reactions in metabolism.
What are the five basic activities of the digestive system?
Ingestion, movement, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
What influences specialization in different digestive regions?
Diet and method of ingestion (e.g., prechewed, liquid, unchewed food).
What is a "bolus"?
A small lump of chewed food formed during ingestion and moved through the digestive tract by peristalsis.
What is ingestion?
The act of eating, where food is taken into the digestive tract.
What is peristalsis?
The muscular movement of food through the digestive tract via waves of contractions that move a bolus along the tube gut.
What is digestion?
The physical and chemical breakdown of food, primarily by enzymes, into smaller molecules.
What is absorption?
The process where digested nutrients and water are absorbed into the body, primarily through the walls of the small and large intestines.
What is egestion?
The elimination of undigested material and waste from the body in the form of feces.
Where does most enzymatic digestion and nutrient absorption occur?
In the small intestine.
What is the function of the rectum?
Consolidation and storage of feces before elimination.
What is the colon’s main function in humans?
Absorption of water and minerals.
What does the stomach do?
Secretes acid and pepsin, stores and mixes food.
What does the pancreas produce?
An alkaline, enzyme-rich fluid to aid in digestion.
What is the role of the liver in digestion?
Produces bile and performs various homeostatic functions.
What does the salivary gland produce, and what is its function?
Produces saliva containing amylase, an enzyme that begins the breakdown of starch.
What is emulsification in digestion?
The forced mixing of fats to increase their surface area for enzyme action.
What is the purpose of bile, and where is it stored?
Bile neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fats; it is stored in the gall bladder.
What are the roles of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
Increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
Why are protein-digesting enzymes like trypsin and pepsin secreted in inactive forms?
To prevent the digestion of proteins within the body’s own cells.
What are rugae in the stomach, and what is their purpose?
Folds in the stomach lining that allow it to expand as it fills.
What are the Crypts of Lieberkühn?
Tubular glands in the intestine that secrete an alkaline fluid to aid in digestion.
What is the function of goblet cells in the gut?
To produce mucus that protects and lubricates the lining of the digestive tract.
What is the role of the cardiac and pyloric sphincters?
Control food entry and exit in the stomach, preventing backflow.
What happens in the large intestine?
Absorption of water, minerals, and some vitamins; formation and storage of feces.
What is the appendix, and does it have a function?
A small sac that may have minor immune functions
How do the anal sphincters control defecation?
One sphincter is involuntary, triggered by stretching; the other is under voluntary control.
What happens when blood glucose rises after eating?
The pancreas releases insulin, which converts glucose to glycogen, lowering blood glucose
What happens when blood glucose drops from not eating?
The pancreas releases glucagon, converting glycogen to glucose, raising blood glucose.
What is appendicitis, and what causes it?
Inflammation of the appendix, often caused by trapped food or feces
What are symptoms and treatment options for appendicitis?
Symptoms: abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting. Treatment: antibiotics or surgery.
How can you prevent appendicitis?
A fiber-rich diet, healthy weight, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking/alcohol.
What are bile salts?
Bile salts are substances made by the liver that help break down fats in the small intestine, making it easier for the body to digest and absorb them.
What role does the gallbladder play in digestion?
It stores bile produced by the liver and releases it into the small intestine to aid fat digestion.
What is chyme?
A soupy mixture of partially digested food and digestive juices formed in the stomach before moving to the small intestine.
Why does the pH vary in different parts of the digestive tract?
Different enzymes work best at different pH levels, so each region has the ideal pH for its specific digestive enzymes.
What is the role of the brush border in the small intestine?
The brush border, formed by microvilli on epithelial cells, contains enzymes that finish breaking down nutrients for absorption.
How do intestinal crypts (Crypts of Lieberkühn) support digestion?
They produce an alkaline fluid to maintain an optimal pH for enzymes and contain cells that secrete mucus for protection and lubrication.
What function does the large intestine serve in water balance?
It reabsorbs water from waste, helping to form solid feces and prevent dehydration.
Why is alcohol absorbed more quickly on an empty stomach?
With no food to slow it down, alcohol passes directly into the bloodstream through the stomach lining, speeding up its effects.
Stomach for the diagram (5)
Secretion and Source- gastric juice: stomach
Site of Action- stomach
Active Enzyme- pepsin
Substrate and Products- protein to peptides
Control of Secretion- reflex stimulation, stretching stomach walls, hormone gastrin
Pancreas for the diagram (5)
Secretion and Source- pancreatic juice: pancreas
Site of Action- duodenum
Active Enzyme- pancreatic amylase, trypsin, chymotripsin, pancreatic lipase
Substrate and Products- starch to maltose, protein to peptides, protein to peptides, fats to FAs and glycerol
Control of Secretion- via release of hormones secretin and cholecystokinin
Small Intestine for the diagram (5)
Secretion and Source- intestinal juice and enzymes: small intestine
Site of Action- small intestine
Active Enzyme- maltase, peptidases
Substrate and Products- maltose to glucose, polypeptides to amino acids
Control of Secretion- reflex action and contact with intestinal wall
What is mastication?
large particles are mixed with salvia and broken into smaller particles by chewing
| Quiz |
|---|
| physics heat test |
| kap 9 |
| Het karakter |
| spanish vocab - claro 2 - 1.2 |
| svt 2 |
| anglais1 |
| français |
| englisch |
| glosor v.45 |
| filosofía |
| Sonam300-400 |
| BIO Topic 11 |
| anaisnotre environnement |
| contrôle de svt6eme |
| contrôle svtles espèces et notre environnement |
| Latein L.24 |
| Filosofia |
| Anglais |
| physic chimicphysic chimie bien relire les question bonne chance :) |
| Graphing quadratic equations (gr 10 math) |
| Lägesadjektiv |
| religion |
| Specialiteter |
| Sjukdoms- och behandlingstermer |
| human body |
| Complications des décubitus |
| les complications du décubitus |
| frölunda damlag |
| types of demand |
| floods |
| floods |
| verbs |
| Chimie Physique |
| Chimie organique |
| Duits schritt 48 (3vwo) |
| maths |
| oppervlaktespanning (water) |
| Biodiversitébah biodiversité |
| Connecteurs logique |
| itpstate of consciousness, learning, perception, memory |
| egypttest |
| english |
| Literatura |
| Hippocrates and galen |
| Englisch Vokabeln |
| normes et societe ! |
| Účt-čtvrtletka |
| Chaper 12 Psychology |
| budhist worshipbuddhist |
| Week 9 - Chapter 16 Somatic Sensation |
| Kvalitativ metod |
| christian worshiprs revision |
| Week 9 - Chapter 17 Special Senses |
| psycho cog |
| statistica |
| AdjetivosGrado comparativo:
- [mas + adj + que/de]
- [menos + adj + que/de]
- [tanto/tan + adj + como] o [igual + de + adj]
Superlativo:
- relativo: [el/la/los/las + más + adj]
- absoluto: [muy + adj] o [adj ... |
| English: poetry |
| Biologia celular e histológia |
| Decisiones economicas coletivasPreguntas sobre un tena de economia de 1 Bachillerato. |
| psicologia generale |
| chem 30 term two test |
| English NRI quiz 3 |
| Another one? |
| ARTO SUPERIORE muscoli spalla, braccio, avambraccio e mano |
| voc anglais |
| Surds |
| English language topics |
| Moles and molular mass |
| TLE (Livelihood) 2nd testStudy |
| les couleurs |
| math |
| Spiritual Self |
| Französich Vokabeln Unité 1+2 Décuvertescool hier |
| A christmas carol |
| Lengua |
| Arte |
| definitions |
| Material Self |
| power and gender |
| ak begrippen |
| geografi |
| Santi |
| voc: Meteo, natuur, voyage |
| francese geografia |
| Sexual Self |
| tedesco |
| Perfectionnement |
| adjectives and dependent prepositions |
| Physical Self |
| quimica |
| oliviaengels deel 1 |
| chemie kaartjes |
| Science (2nd test)Study |
| English (2nd test)study |
| diritto |
| JURIDICTIONS ET INSTITUTIONS ADMINISTRATIVES |
| Law of Contract |
| Physics |
| etranger |
| Irish Legal System |
| Galileo Galilei |
| storia del diritto italiano |
| French |
| Duits schritt 50 (3vwo) |
| Duits schritt 51 D-N (3vwo) |
| Duits schritt 48 (3vwo) |
| All Station codes |
| Biologi evolution |
| Flashcards |
| Saksa perhesanat |
| COMMENT EST STRUCTURÉES LA SOCIÉTÉ FRANÇAISE ? |
| BIOCHEM FINALS |
| penal 3 |
| penal 2 |
| penal |
| Cantigas de escarnio e maldizerCantigas de escarnio e maldizer. |
| historia de España |
| Poesia trovadorescacaracterísticas da poesia trovadoresca |
| cortes de cadizse formó una comisión de corte en mayo en 1809 por jovellanes su objetivo era preparar una asamblea para definir reformas necesarias la comisión decidió el tipo de corte únicamerales o bicamerales y e... |
| Geo |
| anthology poems |
| DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION |
| True or falseTrue or False questions FTN edition!!!!! |
| UPWARD COMMUNICATION |
| ORGANIZATION COMMUNICATION |
| wings of fire bookssee if you can guess these books in order |
| BUSINESS REPORT |
| FTNSee if you can answer these intermediate question about Footseps to Nothing! |
| werkwoorden bundel |
| v45 glosortill fredag 8e |
| chapter 11 psychology |
| Kvantitativ metod |
| Rivoluzione Russa |
| História |
| womans healthit must cover breast, cervical and ovarian cancer as well and sexual and health contraceptives |
| Formas irregulares de participio pasado |
| Projectvak |
| Formas regulares de participio pasado-AR -> -ADO
-ER -> -IDO
-IR -> -IDO |
| Verbos -IR (presente de indicativo)-o
-es
-e
-imos
-ís
-en |
| Verbos -ER (presente de indicativo)-o
-es
-e
-emos
-éis
-en |
| Verbos -AR (presente de indicativo)-o
-as
-a
-amos
-áis
-an |
| Verbos irregulares como 'huir' (presente de indicativo)-I- -> -Y- |
| Físico química |
| deel 2 |
| Verbos irregulares como 'ofrecer', 'conocer', 'nacer' y 'conducir' (presente de indicativo)-ZC- en la primera persona |
| 漢字-N5 |
| Verbos irregulares como 'confiar' y 'continuar' (presente de indicativo)-I- -> -Í-
-U- -> -Ú-
!No vale para todos los verbos en -iar y -uar!
-> no vale para los verbos en -cuar y -guar |
| Verbos irregulares como 'pedir' (presente de indicativo)-E- -> -I-
(debilitación) |
| Verbos irregulares como 'contar' (presente de indicativo)-O- -> -UE-
(diptongación)
![jugar] |
| gravidez, fecundação |
| chemistry 🧪🦠. |
| Verbos irregulares como 'preferir' (presente de indicativo)-E- -> -IE-
(diptongación) |
| Verbos irregulares como 'pensar' (presente de indicativo)-E- -> -IE-
(diptongación) |
| biologiaLEZIONE 1-INTRODUZIONE ALLA CELLULA |
| espagnol |
| woordjes 365-378 |
| Pompeo e Crasso |
| LatínLatinismos |
| CONFINI e MUSCOLI DELLA PELVI |
| MUSCOLI DELL'ANCA |
| OSSO DELL'ANCA e ARTICOLAZIONIComprende anche le parti dei forami, delle aperture e delle lacune e di cosa passa attraverso esse |
| DOMANDE GABBIA TORACICA OSSA E ARTICOLAZIONI |
| DOMANDE RACHIDE ARTICOLAZIONI E OSSA |
| Kapitel 4 |
| LatínRadicales latinos |
| Spanskadialog La escuelaDialog på temat skola under vecka 46/47. |
| Lo4 |
| Rebecca |
| Lo3 |
| SCM - PRELIMS |
| Organização Científica do Trabalho |
| MS |
| nouns and dependent prepositions |
| verbs + dependent prepositions |
| Fis |
| Haas, Alpine, Williams |
| mercedes, Aston Martin, RB |
| redbull, Ferrari, Mclaren |
| Science Unit 2 - Chapter 11 - copy |
| F1 |
| mitose et meiose |
| Reti di telecomunicazione |
| Orações Subordinadas AdverbiaisOrações Subordinadas Adverbiais |
| TEDESCOder film |
| quiz parole scuola |
| memory |
| NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION |
| REGION 4B: MIMAROPA |
| REGION 5: BICOL |
| historiaola |
| cells |
| REGION 4-A CALABARZON |
| inglese |
| REGION 3: CENTRAL LUZON |
| formula general |
| Endangered Flora |
| Constitución de bayona |
| Constitución de bayona |
| Glosario bioquimica |
| Endangered Fauna |
| Terminologie (préfixes) |
| HL BIO genetics test stuff (other than quiz) |
| 100 verbos mas utilizados en aleman con sus respectivas conjugaciones |
| Verbos en aleman |
| Spanish Vocabulary |
| Verbos irregulares (presente de indicativo) |
| ingles |
| TYPES DE RÉGIMES |
| seismes volcansrien |
| Japanese Phrases (Food, Restaurant & Konbini) |
| 1. Mis metas |
| tyska |
| Our Country's Good set |
| El primer día |
| Topic 10 |
| franse woordjes |
| ekonomi |
| Historia |
| ideologier och välfärd |
| character quiz |
| pedagogisch handelen |
| media |
| christian beliefs |
| Matspjälkning - Daniel |
| disila |
| types of respiration |
| Plants , cells and living organisms |
| Vocabulaire |
| cells and homeostasis |
| Prima guerra Mondiale |
| werkwoorden vertaling |
| Autobiographie |
| LenguaPara estudiar Lengua. |
| illnesess |
| REPRODUCCIÓN |
| z&w toets 1 |
| nora |
| vocabulary |
| Microeconomic theory |
| ART APP MIDTERMART APP MIDTERM REVIEWER |
| Darija 2 |
| Forskningsmetodik |
| sensation and perception |
| Pediapreparation for quiz |
| 1ww kriget |
| RÉGIMES TOTALITATISME |
| Introduced Alien Species in the Philippines |
| deel 11 |
| volcanoes |
| recursos expressivos |
| management |
| Biology - 2.3 - transport across cell membranes (processes) |
| développement |
| prima guerra mondiale |
| histoire du cinéhistoire du cinéma |
| algebra lez. 12 |
| algebra lez. 11 |
| causes and consequencescauses and consequences |
| PsykiatriPlugg |
| Voyages et Vacances |
