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sfp - semi finished products

textile 2D sfp

flber mats and fleeces
non knitted systems

knitted fabric

non knitted system

not crimp fanrics
weaves

braided items

classification sfp

fiber mat: chopped mat, continous
chopped short fiber

roving

woven fabric

laminate

dis advantage of tsf

-dispersion of it in the air
-handling is critical in term of fiber deviation

-mechanical properties of manufactured part are below prepeg properties

-undulation results in reduced mechanical properties

advantage of tsf

-high degree of automation
-high variablity in component geometry and fiber structure

-dry processing

-possible to stitch with other semi finished product

process step of tsf

-fiber production(fiber sizing directly after fiber drawing)
-filamination firmation

-construction of surface(washing of textile fabrics to remove the size

apply the finish,adhesion,improving layer)

-filamination formation

-perform

influence factor in tsf processing

-drapeanility /textile structureتراوش پذیری
-fiber sliding behaviour

-impregnability/permeability نفوذ پذیری و نفوذ ناپذیری

influence factor in tsf component properties

-fiber oriantation
-fiber volume fraction

-ou of plan prperties

textile 1D sfp products

yarn and rovings

appliction of fiber sizing in 1D

-surface treatment of the fiber for improving processing
-protection of folaminant against shear and friction

-prevention of electrostatic charge

what is filament in 1D tsf

-filament is a single fiber and the basic component for roving,yarn
-high strength reinforced fibers with s diameter between 7-25 ..avaiable

-the filament package density describe the distribution of fibers in a bundle.

roving

-fiber bundle consist of continuous almost parallel filaments.
-defined by fineness of the fiber and number of filaments.

-yarn count(titre)

wieght of roving by 1km length

yarn

made from rovings with a twist of up to 40 t/m

twine

-made from per yarns,has up to 180 t/m
-improved weaving pricess

-reduction in impregnation properties and composite properties

2D fiber mats amd fleeces

-chopped fiber mats
-continues fiber mat

-fleeces

chopped fiber mats

-long or short fiber most commen are 25-30
-very often used with UP resin

-random orientaion of fiber

-hold together by adhesive,binder or topstitching steam

-quasi isotropic behaviour

-thermoset and thermoplastic matrix is pissible

continous fiber

-contious fiber or not chopped
-fiber are connected by binder

-random oriantation

fleeces

-non woven fabric
-high surface quality pissible

-dry and wet production with random or partly oriented finers pissible.

no crimp fabric

-planar,non woven semi finished product

-layered stack of multiple UD

non crimp fabric

plannar: roving is parallel next to eachother
cohesion over the area is reached by adhesive or weft threads

non crimp fabric classification

unidirectional (UD)
Bidirectional


-ud:parallel oriented roving

-max reinforcement only in fiber direction

-laminate achieve higher stiffness and strength in warp direction


bio: in contrast to woven fabric,laminates are created by stacking of multiple layers instead of weaving

2 or more ud layer oriented in defiend layer

**layers are not woven-they are positioned on top of each other

**connection by threads

multiaxial laminate

-properties are isotropic
-oftentimes laminates with 45 steps

-limited formability


advantage


*less scrap after processing

*less warpage

*very good mechanical properties

weaves

consist of :
warp yarnنخ تار

weft yarn نخ پود

warp yarn

finers in weaves or laminates that are parallel to the selvedges

weft yarn

these fibers are rectangular to weaves or laminates. they are contious fiber

sheat

intersecting threads(warp and weft)

laminate

multiple layer of textile after impregnation and curing

drapeablity

describe how well a sfp can adjust to a certain geometry

slippage resistance

resistance with a sfp against roving movement during handling

bidirectional weave

--90 oriented fiber orientation
--in both main direction very similar strength and stiff ess properties

mixed weave

--varing fiber type in weft and warp direction
--structural can be adjusted according to applied liad(reduction in cost by using low cost fibers in weft direction)

hybrid weaves

--combination of individual benefits of different fiber type(eg:stiffness of corbon fiber and toughness of aramid fiber)
--the different finer are each used in warp and weft direction.

weaves type

plain weave
twill weave

satin weave

mock leno weave

plain weave

-weft yar crossing alternating above and underneath of warp yarn
-high structural stability but low drapeability

-limited strength and stifness

-high slipage and cuting resistance

-preferably used for planar or shell like structure

twill weave

-weft yarn is guided two warp yarn and the at least underneath one mostly two warp yarns
-very good drapeablity

-low slippage resistance

-strength and stifness sligthly higher than for plain weave(less undulation)نوسان حرکت موجی

satin/atlas weave

the weft yarn goes over more warp yarn and then under either the same number or fewer warp yarns.
-very high suppleness انعطاف پذیری

-very low slipage resistance

-with identical fiber type and area weight,atlas weave has the best mechanical priperties

-result in very good surface quality

comparing woven fabric and non crimp fabric(very good)

handling :plain weave
slippage strength: plain weave

drapeability: atlas weave,non crimp fabric

laminate strength: non crimp fabric

permeability: non crimp fabric

defirmation non crimp fabric and woben fabrics

with a layer: angle variation due to shearing, fiber elongation under tensile stress,wrinkingچروک شدن
,fiber elongation can be neglected

with in the laminate: displacement of the fiber layers to each other

braided items(2d,3d)

it is areas or body structure with clise fabric appearance and with regular threads density
-high reproductivity

-self supporting finer structure

-no delamination

-higher tolerance regarding impact

thread structure of braiding

angle of twist between 20 and 70
with and without 0 thread (filler yarn)

2 or 3 dimensional

component geometry of braiding

tublar part
folded profile

flange,branch

curved profile

variable core scope,variable core cross section

knitted fabric

-it isnot widely used due to reduced fiber properties caused numeshstructure
-it offergood shaping abilites ,making itversatile for flat structure complex shape

-itis econically viable only theae aspesific is needed

-working with knitted fabric, with cabonfiber,poses challenges due to perpenducular forcesvacting onfiber

structure of knitted fiber

-open/close
-flat/curve

- flexible/stiff

-nofiber insertion in course becasue this reduce the drapeabilityپوشاندن

3d knitten fabric

-contain load bearing fiberin z direction

-enourmouse increase in thedamage tolerance


-very complex and expensive manufacturing

-it is not pissible to introduce 45 layer

drapeability

2d knitted items
fleeces

2d braided ,2d weaves

3d. braided and weaves, UD laminates

spacer fabric

-top layer connected in distance by fiber
-sandwich like structure are achied after impregnation and curing

-good impact properties

-continuse produuction feasible

-limited drapeability

technical stitching(3d)

-roving isdeposed by guiding device on to base material
-fixed by sticking with a pinhead

-known as TFP tailored fiber placement

swing(3d)

-high dgree of automation pissible
-reinfocement is adjustable by fiber orientation and density

-improveddelamination

application

-conecting several textile to create a versatile preform

-3 dimentional reinforcement

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