Rec 252 - Midterm
Define Disability
Barriers that prevent someone to have full effective participation in society on an equal basis with others - Takes into account a person’s physical, social and political context
Define Discrimination
An action or decision that treats a person or a group unfairly for reasons such as their race, age, disability, or other protected status(es)
Define Ableism
Attitudes in society that devalue and limit the potential of persons with disabilities
Person-Frist Language
Structural form in which a noun referring to a person or persons precedes a phrase referring to a disability.
ex. A person with a disability or a man with autism
Identify-First Lamguage
The disability, serving as an adjective, precedes the person noun.
ex. Disabled person or autistic man
Which Language is best to use? Person-First or Identity-First?
It depends on the individual and what they perfer
What is Equality
The same opportunities or resources for all
What is Equity
Recognition that we don’t all start out in the same, equal place, thus the same, equal responses is not actually equal
Different groups require different support
What is the difference between equality and equity
equality is giving everyone the same oppertunities and resources whereas equity is giving every individual what they need to succed as some may need more than others
What is Accessibility for Ontarian with Disabilities Act (AODA)
This is a provicial law (2005) with a goal for ontario to be fully accessible by 2025
Customer service standard - everyone can access goods, services and facilities
Info and Communication standard - organizations to make info and communication accessible to everyone
Employment Standard - employers to make their workplace practices accessible to potential or current workers with disabilities
Transportation Standard - transportation service providers are required to ensure that their services are accessible for everyone to access
Design of Public Spaces Standard - requirments focused on the removal of barriers in public spaces
What is universal design?
the composition and creation of environments that can be accessed, understodd, and used to the greatest extent possible by all people regardless of their age, language, skills, size, ability ect.
what are the 7 principles of Universal Design?
Equitable use
Flexibiility in use
Simple and Intuitive use
Perceptible information
Tolerance of error
low physical effort
size and space for approach and use
what is inclusion?
the concept that all poeple regardless or ability are respected and appreciated as valuable members of their communities
What is the medical model of dissability?
an abnormality or deficiency that exists within a person's body - requires treatment or intervention
What is the social model of disability
Disability exists in the interaction between the individual and society - inaccessible society, societal barriers
Why is the Social model inportant?
Leisure relationships
emphasize enjoyment
intrinsic motivation
intended to correct the environemnt not the person
What is true about the reading Seeking Alternative in TR?
social model is more suitable than medical model
TR relationships are aimed at repairing the person and extrinsic (functional) outcomes
Recreation is unrestrained/spontaneous, intuitive, exploratory, and often unstructured
Rec relationships emphasize social interaction amoung group members
therapeutic relationships tend to emphasize one-way interaction - therapist to patient
What is a lift?
Carrying all or a portion of body weight using a mechanical lift
What is a Transfer?
Moving a patient from one surface to another in a dynamic and cooperstive way
What is Repositioning?
Changing a patient’s position in a chair/bed to improve posture, increase safety, aid circulation, prevent skin breakdown
What is Facilitation?
inviting a patient to move by using verbal cues, handling guidance, positioning, environment, equipment
What are good habits for lifts, transfers, and repositioning?
Asking what type of assistance is needed before touching/moving a person and maintain communication throughout
Informing where and how you will be touching a person and safely stopping if they express discomfort
Not putting yourserlf at rick by lifting and twisting, lifting more weight that you should, not letting people fall onto you
Learn to squat properly
Keep the majority of the individual’s weight as close to your body as possible
Be aware of protocol for catheter bags, IV tubes, oxygen tanks and tubes, prosthesis, and other equipment that might impact the lift or transfer
Making sure to know what the person needs for proper lifts, transfers, or repositioning
What are bad habits to avoid while doing lifts and transfers?
Surprising people by touching them or starting to move them without seeking their consultation or permission
Hooking your arm under an individual’s armpit to pull them up
Grabbing the back of people’s pants or other parts of their clothing to help pull a person up
Expecting male workers, or workers who are tall/physically fit to do the lifting and transferring work.
Neglecting to put the brakes on walkers, wheelchairs, toilet chairs, beds (or anything that has brakes/wheel locks of some kind) before you begin lifting/transferring
What would you do if someone falls?
Get a nurse or other medical professional on duty. Even if a fall looks minor, an individual should be assessed for head, hip, and spine injuries
Leave ther person laying there until a medical profesional can come assess the individual
It is usually best to leave people where they are until they can be assessed by a medical professional. If someone is trying to get up, encourage them to stay down. Cover them with a blanket and speak to them reassuringly. Observe them for any signs of concussion or other injury. If immediate first aid is required (e.g., they have a serious cut on their head), treat it as best you can without moving their head or neck.
Clear people away
A person that you work with has pneumonia and requires a high percentage of oxygen to aid in their recovery. Based on what you learned in the online module, which method of oxygen delivery are they most likely to be using?
Oxygen Mask
What does comorbidities mean?
hat is, the presence of one or more additional diseases or disorders co-occurring with a primary disease or disorder can create complex health challenges
What precautions may be in place for someone with cardiac conditions?
monitoring vital signs
checking temperature
checking pulse
check respiration and blood pressure
when should you monitor someones oxygen saturation levels?
all of the above
what does it mean when someone has pulmonary precautions?
when individuals have difficulty breathing or lung issues
What is a nasal cannula?
a less visible form of oxygen intake
allows for more movement
allows the most freedom
tubes that go into the nose and provides oxygen
What is a Nasal catheter?
A tube that is fed though the nose and placed behind the uvula
very uncomfortable
not easy to move around
What is an oxygen mask?
A mask that is put over the face of the patient
provides high levels of oxygen
used when individuals are very ill
What is a transtracheal oxygen?
a tube put into an individuals trachea
used when the airway is clogged
only used in life threatning situations
Why is it important to be aware of pulmonary devices?
may be a rick of explosion or fire in certain situations
What is Dysphagia?
difficulty swallowing due to imparments
What are the different food levels?
Pureed
mechanical soft
chopped
regular
pureed foods are...
blenderized
what are mechanical soft foods?
food that requires little to no chewing
what is a chopped diet?
foods that require some but not a lot of chewing
what is a regular diet
no restrictions! yay!
what does it mean to be a nectar-thick liquid?
easily pourable
what are honey-think liquids?
slightly thicker, less pourable, and can drizzle in a cup or bowl
What are pudding-thick liquids?
liquids that hold their shape, not pourable and usually eaten with a spoon
What are the swallowing techniques that can be used to reduce the risk or aspiration?
thorough chewing
tucking in the chin
swallowing twice
What are the common indicators for risk of falls?
All of the above
What might fall reduction protocal be?
All of the above
What may be common seizure triggures?
Missed, added, or changed medications
Hormone fluctuations
Excessive use of or withdrawal from drugs or alcohol
Emotional stressors, especially when combined with fatigue or sleep loss
External stimuli such as flashing lights, circles, stripes, or high contrast
TV and electronic game screens that flicker
Sensory stimulation such as light touch, tapping, or soaking in hot water
what to do if somone is having a seizure
Place something soft under head
Lose tight clothing
Take away any obsticals
Turn person on aide so don’t choke
Time seizure
Stay with person until done
Be reassuring and supportive
Don’t restrict movement
Don’t offer any liquids or meds until fully awake
What is activity analysis?
Identifying capabilities, skills, knowledg
Determine requirements inherent for successful participation
Why do we conduct activity analysis?
Systematic review process that determines skills and possible targeted outcomes attained from an activity
Review characteristics and requirements for participation
Is key in selecting, designing, and implementing an appropriate activity for based on your client’s goals and outcomes
Ensures that focus is on clients’ needs and abilities
Allows opportunities to make modifications if necessary
What are the 4 principles of activity analysis?
analyze the activity as it is engaged in without modifications
Analyze the activity without any specific disability or diagnosis in mind
Analyze the activity with regard to the minimal level of skills required for basic, successful participation
If completing an activity analysis rating form, rate the activity as compared to all other activities
what are the domains in which skills are analyzed?
physical
cognitive
affective
social
feasibility
what does intraindividual mean?
Action taking place within the MIND of a person, but requiring NO CONTACT with another person or external object
what does axtraindividual mean?
Action directed by a person toward an object in the environment, requiring no contact with another person
what does aggregate mean?
Action directed by a person toward an object in the environment while in the company of other persons who are also directing action toward objects in the environment, NO INTERACTION required.
what does interindividual mean?
Action of a competitive nature directed by one person toward another
what does unilateral mean?
Action of a competitive nature among 3 or more persons, one of whom is an antagonist or “it”.
what does multilateral mean?
Action of a competitive nature among 3 or more persons, with no one person as an antagonist
what does intragroup mean?
Action of a cooperative nature by 2 or more persons intent upon reaching a mutual goal. Action requires positive verbal and nonverbal interaction
what does intergroup mean?
Action of a competitive nature between 2 or more intragroup
what is task analysis?
breaking down tasks into a sequence of smaller steps or actions
what are the benefits of task analysis?
Can use as assessment tool to see client’s skill level
Allows for individual adaptations (approach will not work universally)
Provides consistent teaching sequence among facilitators
what is activity adaption/modification?
Altering activity or environment
what are the 4 principles of activity adaptation?
Keep the activity and action as close to the original or traditional activity as possible
Modify only the aspects of the activity that need adapting
Individualize the modification
The modification should be as temporary as possible
what is accessibility?
the quality of being easy to obtain or use.
is something every fully accessible?
no
what is the curb cut effect?
when something is done to benefit individuals with disabilities but it helps others in different contexts
What is the persona spectrum?
a disability that is either permanent, temporary, or situational
What are the 3 types of traumatic brai injuries?
penetrative
acceleration-deceleration
blast injury
What is an ABI - acquired brain injury
any damage to the brain that occurs after birth and is not related to congenital or a degenerative disease
what is a non-traumatic brain injury?
caused by something that happens inside the body or a substance introduced into the body that damages brain tissue
What group(s) are most likely to be affected by TBI's?
birth - 4 years
15-19 years
65+ yers
males
What can TBI's be classified as?
mild, moderate, severe
What is considered a mild brain injury on the glasgow coma scale (GCS)?
13-15
what is considered a moderate brain injury accoring to the GCS?
9-12
what is considered a sever brain injury according to the GCS?
8 or less
what does a score of 3-8 indiate on the GCS?
a score of 3-8 indicateds that the person is in a sever coma and a score of 3 indicates a vegetative state
What causes a mild TBI?
an impact or forceful motion of the head
What are some symptoms of a mild TBI?
all of the above
What happens when you have a moderate TBI?
loss of consciousness
persistant confusion
functional imparments in one or more of the cognitive, physical, or behavioural domains
What happens when you have a sever TBI?
prolonged unconsciousnes state or come
What can TBI's impact?
physcial impacts
cognitive impacts
emotional impacts
behavioural impacts