Biology 102 Exam 2
Shape of an animal
Symmetry
Cylindrical in shape
Radial Symmetry
May be divided into a left and right side
Bilateral Symmetry
Front
Anterior
Rear
Posterior
Back
Dorsal
Bottom
Ventral
Embryonic tissue from which all other animal tissues arise; endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
Germ Layers
Outermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early developmet; inlcudes epidermis and nerve tissue
Ectoderm
Innermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development; inlcude the lining of the gut and associated structures
Endoderm
Middle layer of an embryo in early development
Mesoderm
Body cavity of some animals
Coelom
Simple animal that has no body cavity
Acoelomate
Animal that has a body cavity, but it forms differently
Pseudocoelomate
Animal that has a "true body cavity"
Eucoelomate
Animal that forms the mouth end of the digestive system first
Protostomate
Animal that forms the mouth end of the digestive system last
Deuterostomate
Animal that feeds on plants
Herbivore
Animal that feeds on other animals
Carnivore
Animal that feeds on both plants and animals
Omnivore
Animal that feeds on dead animals
Scavenger
Organism that lives in or on an organism of another species and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other's expense
Parasite
Feed by filtering out plankton or nutrients suspended in water
Filter Feeder
Inner skeleton
Endoskeleton
Outer skeleton
Exoskeleton
Diffuse network of neurons which conducts impulses in all directions from a point of stimulus; foun in invertebrates such as coelenterates and flatworms
Nerve Net
Structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, an often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber
Ganglia
Organism having both male an female sex organs or other sexual characteristics
Hermaphrodite
Reproduction not involving the union of gametes
Asexual Reprouction
Simplest group, pore bearing
Prorifera
Don't have a digestive system, are heterotrophs and filter feeders with help of collar cells and amoebocytes
Prorifera
Don't have a circulatory system and individual cells carry out respiration through diffusion
Prorifera
Individual cell excrete waste and they don't have a skeletal system, but have spicules (skeletal elements)
Prorifera
Don't have a muscular system and can reproduce asexually by breaking off, while also being able to reproduce sexually
Prorifera
Hard structures that have gritty texture to them, provide structure to Prorifera
Spicules
Choanocyte (collar cell) fertilizes amoebocyte, forming a zygote
Prorifera Sexual Reproduction
Sponges
Prorifera
Jellyfish, anemone, coral
Chidaria
Have tentacles with stinging cells
Chidaria
Stinging cells
Chidocytes
Mostly predators, entangle prey and sting them
Chidaria
Have a gastrointestinal cavity which only has one opening and don't have a circulatory system, respiration through diffusion
Chidaria
Individual cells release waste, don't have a skeletal system but coral reef could be considered an exoskeleton
Chidaria
Have muscle fibers and nerve cells in radial pattern, have nerve net but no central nervous system
Chidaria
Can reproduce asexually and sexually through alternation of generations
Chidaria
Bell with tentacles hanging down, sexually reproducing stage (produces egg and sperm)
Medusa Stage
Stalk with tentacles upward, asexually reproducing stage
Polyp Stage
True jellyfish; only have medusa stage
Class Scyphozoa
Sea anemones; only have polyp stage; includes coral
Class Anthozoa
Obelia; have both polyp and medusa stage; alterate generations
Class Hydrozoa
Flatworms
Platyhelminthes
Free living worms; not parasitic; hermaphrodite
Class Turbellaria
Flukes; parasitic
Class Trematoda
Tapeworms; parasitic; hermaphrodite
Class Cestoda
Have all three germ layers; don't have coelem
Platyhelminthes
Digestion similar to jellyfish; incomplete, single opening with a gastrovascular cavity
Platyhelminthes
Scavenger in platyhelminthes that eats dead plants and animals
Class Turbellaria
Parasitic classes of platyhelminthes
Trematoda and Cestoda
Circulatory system does not exist and respiratory system occurs across surface of body; cylindrical shapes helps with respiration
Platyhelminthes
Have excretion organs; protonephridia; don't have skeletal system
Platyhelminthes
Flame cells
Proronephridia