integumentary
what are the Functions of the skin:
For protection
Regulating body temperature
For sensory reception
Vit D synthesis
Waste product excretion
Reservoir for blood and nutrients
accessory structure of skin
-Hair
-Nail
-Sudoriferous (sweat) Glands
-Sebaceous (oil) glands
-Also known as cutaneous membrane
-The largest organ of the body
-Total skin area of average man is about 2 m2; it weighs approximately 4.5 kg.
Skin
- skin is Also known as ______
-
cutaneous membrane
two kinds of tissue of tye skin:
-Epidermis
-Dermis
Made up of stratified squamous epithelium that is capable of keratinization (becoming hard and tough)
Epidermis
composed of thick layer of Collagen and elastic fibers,
fibroblasts and accessory structures such as hair follicles and glands
Dermis
Deep to the dermis is the ______ , essentially adipose tissue
subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis
five layer of epidermis
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
stratum basale is Also known as stratum
germinativum
It is the growth layer since these cells are capable of division
Statum basale
It is an _______ (devoid of blood supply) layer
avascular
4 type of cell in the epidermis
1. keratinocytes
2. Melanocytes
3. Langerhan cells
4. Merkel's cells
produce Keratin, a protein that gives skin its strength and flexibility and waterproofs the skin surface.
keratinocytes
produce Melanin, the dark pigment that gives skin its color.
Melanocytes
Act as part of the bodys defense against invading pathogen
Langerhan cells
are probably involved with touch reception.
Merkel's cells
it proteck you from uv rays or skin cancer
Melanin
deep pressure receptors called
Pacinian corpuscles
touch receptors known as
Meissner corpuscles
Different Skin Color
Albinism
Jaundice
Cyanosis
bruise
is a form of genetic disorder, characterized by a partial lack or total absence of melanin pigment in the eyes, skin and hair.
Albinism
, also known as icterus, is a yellowish discoloration of the skin, the conjunctival membranes over the sclerae (whites of the eyes), and other mucous membranes caused by hyperbilirubinemia (increased levels of bilirubin in the blood).
Jaundice
is a blue coloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to the presence of deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood vessels near the skin surface.
Cyanosis
occurs when a force causes blood vessels to break. Blood leaks into areas under the skin, resulting in pain, swelling, and skin discoloration.
bruise
-Oil glands (product is called sebum)
-simple branched alveolar type of gland
-Found all over the skin except the palms and soles (glabrous skin)
Sebaceous Glands
-Sweat glands
-simple coiled tubular type of gland
-Produce sweat under nervous influence
-Heat-regulating apparatus
Sudoriferous Glands
- Small flat spot, up to 1.0 cm
Examples: Freckle
Macule
- Flat spot, 1 cm or larger Examples: vitiligo, café au lait spots
Patch
- Up to 1 cm.
Example: an elevated nevus
Papule
- Elevated superficial lesion 1 cm or larger, often formed by coalescence of papules.
Plaque
- Marble-like lesion larger than 0.5 cm, often deeper and firmer than a papule
Nodule
- A somewhat irregular, relatively transient, superficial area of localized skin edema. Examples: mosquito bite, hive
Wheal
- Up to 1 cm; filled with serious fluid.
Example: blister, herpes simplex
Vesicle
- 1 cm or larger, filled with serious fluid. Example: 2nd-degree burn
Bulla
- filled with pus. Examples: acne, impetigo
Pustule
- Loss of the superficial epidermis; surface is moist but does not bleed. Example: moist area after the rupture of a vesicle, as in chickenpox.
Erosion
- A deeper loss of epidermis and dermis; may bleed and scar. Examples: stasis ulcer of venous insufficiency, syphilitic chancre
Ulcer
- linear crack from epidermis into dermis. Example: athletes foot
Fissure
- An abrasion or scratch mark. It may be superficial linear , or rounded, as in a scratched insect bite.
Excoriation
- the dried residue of serum, pus, or blood.
Example: impetigo
Crust
- a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis. Examples: dandruff, dry skin, psoriasis
Scale
- Thickening and roughening of the skin with increased visibility of the normal skin furrows. Example: atopic dermatitis
Lichenification
- Thinning of the skin with loss of the normal skin furrows; the skin looks shinier and more translucent than normal. Example: arterial insufficiency
Atrophy
- Replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue. May be thick and pink (hypertrophic) or thin and white (atrophic), but does not extend beyond the injured area
Scar
- The common mole; appears flat to slightly elevated, and pigmented;
Nevus
- reddish-purple; nonblanching; < 0.5 cm Example: intravascular defects
Petechiae
- reddish-purple; nonblanching; > 0.5 cm Example: intravascular defects
Purpura
- reddish-purple; nonblanching; variable size Example: trauma, vasculitis
Ecchymosis
- Dilated small vessels (can be venules, arterioles, including spider angiomas, or capillaries) that took either red or blush. May appear by themselves or as parts of other lesions, as in a basal cell carcinoma or radiodermatitis (skin injury from ionizing radiation).
Telangiectasia
small bands of smooth muscle cells attached to the hair follicle . It contracts when the person is chilled or stressed.
Arrector pili:
3 different body hair types
-lanugo
-vellus
-terminal hair
-- fine, unpigmented fetal hair
lanugo
-- fine, unpigmented hair of children and women
vellus
-- coarse, long, pigmented hair of scalp, pubic and axillary regions
terminal hair
Each nail has a free edge, a ______ and a ______
body and root
Borders of the nail are overlapped by skin folds called
nail folds
The proximal nail fold is also known _______ which is commonly known as cuticle
eponychium
(portion of the nail bed) is responsible for nail growth
Nail matrix
: white crescent proximal part of the nail
Lunula
is an infection that develops along the edge of the fingernail or toenail
Paronychia
Contains blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat and oil glands, and sensory receptors such as __________ as 𝙥𝙖𝙞𝙣 𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙚𝙥𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙨
free nerve endings