OB
Define OB
Study of impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behaviour in orgs
Define Institutionalization
Behaviours go unquestioned
Define Culture
system of shared meaning held by members that distingishes the org from other orgs
How does culture form
Starts with founder. then hiring employees impacts it further
Toxic Culture
negative environment
How is culture a liability
Institutionalization, Barriers to change, Barriers to diversity, Barriers to aquisitions or mergers
Barriers to Change
Culture is slow to change
Barriers to Diversity
Culture minimizes the diversity
Barriers to Aquisitions and mergers
Company's cultures dont mesh
Strong culture
Not good/bad, the unification of the employees
Define a basic OB model
Input > Process > Outcomes > Input etc
Systematic Study
Examines relationships, Based on scientific evidence
Goal of OB
Applying knowledge to better org effectiveness
OB skills
Motivation, Leadership, Communication skill, Group structure and processes, attitude development and perception, Change processes, Conflict and Negotiation, Work Design
Evidence Based Management - EBM
Bases decisions on best avalaible scientific evidence
Intuition
gut feeling, improves with experience
Big Data
Extensive uses of statistical compilation and analysis
Factors that create and sustain culture
seek those who fit within
Top management- establish norms of behaviour by their actions
Socialization
Socialization Model
Pre arrival > Encounter > Metamorphisis > A. Productivity B. Commitment C. Turnover
Socialization Options
Formal vs Informal
Individual vs Collective
Fixed vs Variable
Serial vs Random
Investiture vs Divesture
Investiture vs Divestiture
Invest... the qualifications and qualities are good for the newcomer
Divest... molds the newcomer to fit
Serial vs. Random
Serial- use of role models who train and encourage ex. mentoring
Random- left on your own to figure out
Formal vs Informal
Informal- put right into the work
Formal - some sort of training
Fixed vs variable
Fixed- timetable for promotions
Variable- promoted when fit enough
Forms Of discrimination
Stereotyping
Discounting
Sexual Harassment
Discriminitory Policies
Intimidation
Mockery and Insults
Exclusion
Incivility
Incivility
Disrespectful Treatment
Exclusion
Excluding people from events, discussions etc
Mockery And Insults
Jokes and negative stereotypes
Intimidation
Threats, Bullying directed at members of a specific group
Stereotyping
overgeneralization of people in a specific group
Discounting
Invalidating someones opinions, perspectives etc
Sexual Harassment
unwanted sexual advances
Discriminatory Policies
Actions taken to deny equal opportunity
How is Culture Learned
Stories
Language
Ritual
ceremonies
physical structures
Material Symbols
Stories
Stories told within group ex. myths,legends etc
rituals
Routines that occur daily/weekly
Ceremonies
Formal events
Material Symbols
Logos, recognizable images in relation to the company
Language
Slang, slogans etc used within Org
Physical Structures
Building and office designs
What is Diversity
Amount of differences within a group of people
Primary Dimensions of Diversity
Things that you cant change
Age
Gender
Race
Disabilites
Sex orientation
Secondary Dimensions of diversity
Things you can change
Geographic Location
Work experience
family status
income
religion
education
Pros of diversity
minimizes discrimination
more perspectives
skills
ideas
etc
Cons of Diversity
Misscomunication
Misunderstanding
Conflict
Levels Of diversity
Surface Level
Deep Level
Deep Level Diversity
Things you cant see
Must know someone to find out this kind of diversity
Surface level diversity
visible differences
Emotions
Caused by specific event
Recognized by facial expressions
Moods
Caused by general event
sometimes unclear
not indicated by facial expressions
Types of attitudes:
Cognititive
Affective
Behavioural
Cognitive Attitude
"my supervisor promoted THAT GUY?? Thats unfair"
Evaluation
Affective Attitude
I dislike my supervisor
Feeling
Behavioural Attitude
complains about supervisor
action
Cognitive Dissonance
mental conflict when your beliefs dont line up with your actions
Emotional Labour
Displaying different emotion than what is felt
Emotional Dissonance
Inconsistencies between emotions people feel and the emotions they project
Stress
Mental tension caused by situation
Define Personality
Set of characteristics, qualities, traits in a person
Determinants of personality
Hereditaty
Environment
Name all 5 Big 5 Personality Traits
Extraversion
agreeableness
conscientiousness
emotional stability
openness to experience
Name Myers-Briggs Traits
Extraversion/Intraversion
Sensing/intuitive
Thinking/feeling
Judging/percieving
Hofstedes Framework
Power Distance
Individualism vs Collectivism
Masculinity vs Feminism
Uncertainty Avoidance
Long term vs Short term
Name the 3 parts of the Dark Triad
Narcissism
Machavellianism
Psycopathy
Machavellianism
emotionally distant
Narcissism
self entitled
Psycopathy
lacks care for others
Define Creativity
Ability to Produce Ideas
what are the 3 stages of creativity
Creative Cause
Creative Behaviour
Creative outcome
Creative Behaviour
Problem Formulation
Info Gathering
info generation
Info evlauation
Perception Define:
Process where individuals organize and interpret different things
Internal Attribution Theory
Behaviour is controlled by the person
External Attribution Theory
Environmnet affects the decisions
Shortcuts to Judging others
Halo effect- one good thing make the person good
Stereotyping
Contrast effects- reaction affected by someone recently encountered
Common Biases
Overconfidence
Anchoring - The original info is always right
Confirmation Bias- only looks for things that prove them right
3 Ethical Decision Criteria
Utalitarianism- most good for most people
Rights- decisions consistent with fundamental liberties and priveleges
Justice- Enforce rule fairly