ACD 2
OCD
A. Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both
B. time-consuming, distressing, or impairment
SUDs
A. problematic use leading to distress or impairment
1. tolerance
2. persistent desire/ unsuccessful efforts to cut down
3. fail to meet role obligations
4. larger amount over longer periods
5. a lot of time is spent on it
6. craving
7. interpersonal problems
8. activities are reduced
9. use in physically hazardous situations
10. use despite physical and psychological problems
11. withdrawal
Gambling disorder
A. persistent problematic gambling that causes distress or impairment
1. increasing amount of money
2. unsuccessful attempts at lessening
3. jeopardized relationships or jobs
4. restless and irritable when trying to stop
5. preoccupation
6. gambles when distressed
7. trying to get even
8. lies to conceal
9. relies on other financially
ARFID
A. eating or feeding disturbance leading to
- significant weight loss
- significant nutritional deficiency
- dependence on enteral feeding or supplements
- interference with psychosocial functioning
C. no abnormalities in perception of weight and shape
Binge eating disorder
A. recurring episodes of binging
B. 3 of the following:
- rapid eating
- uncomfortably full
- eating when not hungry
- eating alone because of embarassment
- disgust, depression, guilt
C. distress
D. once a week for 3 months
E. no inappropriate compensatory behavior
Bulimia Nervosa
A. binge eating
- eating more faster
- lack of control
B. inappropriate compensatory behaviors
C. once a week for 3 months
D. self-image is overly influenced by shape and weight
Anorexia Nervosa
A. underweight
B. fear of gaining weight
C. disturbance in body image which influences self-evaluation or lack of recognition of state
OCD symptom dimensions
- contamination
- responsible for harm and mistakes
- incompleteness
- taboo thought
3 problems with compulsiveness
1. prevents learning
2. increases obsessions
3. preserving mistake misinterpretation
misinterpretations (cognitive biases) for OCD
- inflated responsibility
- thought-action fusion
- need to control thoughts
- overestimation of threat
- perfectionism
- uncertainty intolerance
treatment obstacles for OCD
- fear of unknow or longterm consequences
- disgust and 'not-just right' experiences
- family accomodation
from a phenomenological persepctive the core phenomena of OCD are:
- obsessionality
- compulsivity
- subjective reflection
cognitive techniques for OCD patients with cognitive bias
- 2-column technique
- weighing the alternatives
- measuring chance
- worst-case scenario
overlap between AN and addiction
- compulsiveness
- functional impairment
- withdrawal
- tolerance
Wisconson card sorting task
cognitive flexibility
Iowa gambling task
Decision making
Main features of cognitive remediation therapy
- neuroplasticity
- self-efficacy
- motivation
- empathic reflection
3 types of ARFID
- sensory based avoidance
- arousal-/interest based avoidance
- concern-/ fear based avoidance
Controlling behaviors in EDs
- body checking
- counting
- rituals and rules
- preventing weight gain
- escape from/ suppression of negative emotions
Similarities between GD and SUD
- symptoms (tolerance, craving, withdrawal, loss of control, neglect of life, continued use despite harm)
- comorbidities
- risk factors
- heritability
- brain changes
- reinforcement
human design features
- illusion of control
- gamblers fallacy
- impaired EF (response inhibition, decision making, delay discounting)
- cue reactivity
- distorted reward processing
CBT and gambling
- psychoeducation
- functional analysis
- stimulus-control measures
- relapse prevention
Differences between SUDs and GD
- direct/ indirect reinforcement
- predictability
Machine design features
- reinforcement schedules
- timing
- stakes
- near misses
- disguised losses
- audiovisual reinforcers
Working mechanisms of IIs
- cue accessibility
- automaticity
Measuring habit
- frequency*context measure
- self-report habit index
- outcome devaluation paradigm (slip of action task)
Moderators of IIs effectiveness
- self-reported automaticity
- perfectionism
- urgency
- EF
7 steps to behavioral change
1. chose a behavior you are highly motivated to change
2. determine the critical cue
3. determine if the cue can easily be avoided or changed
4. link the right action to the critical cue
5. continuously monitor your behavior
6. take small steps, do not form multiple IIs for related behaviors at a time
7. celebrate your succes