ART APP MIDTERM
Circumstances surrounding the creation of a work of art, including historical events, social conditions, biographical facts about the artists and their intentions
CONTEXT
a painting applied directly to a wall, usually large and in a public space.
MURAL
When one of the five senses perceives something that was stimulated by a trigger from one of the other senses.
SYNESTHESIA
a movement in nineteenth-century European culture, concerned with the
power of the imagination and greatly valuing intense feeling.
ROMANTIC/ROMANTICISM
a feeling of awe or terror, provoked by the experience of limitless nature and the awareness of the smallness of an individual.
SUBLIME
the person, object, or space depicted in a work of art.
SUBJECT
a characteristic way in which an artist or group of artists uses visual language to give a work an identifiable form of visual expression.
STYLE
a work in which the communication of an idea or group of ideas is most important to the artwork.
CONCEPTUAL ARTIST
fire-hardened clay, often painted, and normally sealed with shiny protective coating.
CERAMICS
a period of cultural and artistic change in Europe from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century.
RENAISSANCE
the art of emotive or carefully descriptive hand lettering or handwriting.
CALLIGRAPHY
the time period roughly between the fall of the Roman empire and the start of the Renaissance
MIDDLE AGES
paint made of pigment suspended in oil.
OIL PAINT
art that conforms to Greek and Roman models, or is based on rational construction and emotional equilibrium.
CLASSICAL
the material on or from which an artist chooses to make a work of art.
MEDIUM (PLURAL MEDIA)
the use of images, typography, and technology to communicate ideas for a client or to a particular audience.
GRAPHIC DESIGN
a unique graphic image used to identify an idea or entity.
LOGO
hand-woven fabric—usually silk or wool—with a non-repeating, usually figurative, design woven into it.
TAPESTRY
art imagery that departs from recognizable images of the natural world.
ABSTRACT
the display of art objects, often only for a limited time.
EXHIBITION
scientific efforts to preserve artworks.
CONSERVATION
the time period roughly between the fall of the Roman empire and the start of the Renaissance.
MEDIEVAL/ MIDDLE AGES
fast-drying painting medium made from pigment mixed with water-soluble binder, such as egg yolk.
TEMPERA
having irregular forms and shapes, as though derived from living organisms.
ORGANIC
an image of a person or animal, usually focusing on the face.
PORTRAIT
the study of human history and prehistory by excavating sites of habitation to analyze artifacts and other cultural remains.
ARCHEOLOGY
colored glass used for windows or decorative applications.
STAINED GLASS
handwritten texts
MANUSCRIPT
The history of ownership of a work.
PROVENANCE
the economic space in which artworks are bought and sold.
ART MARKET
an event in which artworks are sold to the highest bidder.
AUCTION
all the copies of a print made from a single printing.
EDITION
explaining the meaning of an artwork.
INTERPRETATION
a visual study that includes careful description of the artwork and its use of elements and principles.
FORMAL ANALYSIS
art that depicts figures and objects so that we recognize what is represented.
REPRESENTATIONAL
an organization or individual who sponsors the creation of works of art.
PATRON
the meaning, message, or feeling expressed in a work of art.
CONTENT
medieval European associations of artists, craftspeople, or tradespeople
GUILDS
institutions training artists in both the theory of art and practical techniques.
ACADEMIES
in art, refers to the visual elements and principles in a work.
FORMAL
art that does not depict a recognizable subject.
OBJECTIVE
the degree to which an image is altered from an easily recognizable subject.
ABSTRACTION
the basic vocabulary of art—line, shape, form, volume, mass, texture, value (lightness/darkness), space, color, and motion and time.
ELEMENTS OF ART
the principles, or grammar of art—contrast, unity, variety, balance, scale, proportion, focal point, emphasis, pattern,
PRINCIPLES
describe the ways the elements of art are arranged in an artwork.
RHYTHM
the appearance of oneness or harmony in a work of art all of the elements appearing to be part of a cohesive whole
UNITY
the diversity of different ideas, media, and elements in a work.
VARIETY
a principle of art in which elements are used to create a symmetrical or asymmetrical sense of visual weight in an artwork.
BALANCE
the principles, or grammar of art—contrast, unity, variety, balance, scale, proportion, focal point, emphasis, pattern, and rhythm—describe the ways the elements of art are arranged in an artwork
PRINCIPLES OF ART
the overall design or organization of a work.
COMPOSITION
a network of horizontal and vertical lines; in an artwork’s composition, the lines are implied.
GRID
complete order and indivisible unity of all aspects of an artwork’s design.
GESTALT
Cubist twentieth-century movement and style in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking
planes, and, later, collage;
CUBISM
were artists who formed part of the movement. It is also used to describe their style of painting.
CUBIST
a characteristic way in which an artist or group of artists uses visual language to give a work an identifiable form of visual expression
STYLE
a scene of inanimate objects, such as fruits, flowers, or dead animals.
STILL LIFE
a work involving the human body, usually including the artist, in front of an audience.
PERFORMANCE ART
art imagery that departs from recognizable images of the natural world
ABSTRACT
a design or color repeated as a unit in a pattern .
MOTIF
a work of art assembled by gluing materials, often paper, onto a surface. From the French coller, to glue
COLLAGE
an artistic movement in the 1920s and later; its works were inspired by dreams and the subconscious
SURREALIST
an image or object found by an artist and presented, with little or no alteration, as part of a work or as a finished work of art in itself.
FOUND IMAGE OR OBJECT
a method of treating mental illness by making conscious the patient’s subconscious fears or fantasies.
PSYCHOANALYSIS
the lightness or darkness of a plane or area.
VALUE
the surface quality of a work, for example fine/coarse, detailed/lacking in detail
TEXTURE
an image or shape that looks exactly (or nearly exactly) the same on both sides when cut in half
SYMMETRICAL BALANCE
an imaginary line showing the center of a shape, volume, or composition
AXIS
a sacred diagram of the universe, often involving a square and a circle
MANDALA
the size of an object or artwork relative to another object or artwork, or to a system of measurement
SCALE
the relationship in size between a work’s individual parts and the whole
PROPORTIONS
having massive or impressive scale
MONUMENTAL
the appearance of oneness or harmony in a work of art all of the elements appearing to be part of a cohesive whole
UNITY
paint applied in thick layers
IMPASTO
the part of a work depicted as nearest to the viewer
FOREGROUND
a sculpture that projects from a flat surface
RELIEF
a Western European architectural style of the twelfth to the sixteenth century, characterized by the use of pointed arches and ornate decoration
GOTHIC
an artistic movement in the 1920s and later; its works were inspired by dreams and the subconscious
SURREALIST
the shape of the area an artist uses for making a two dimensional artwork
FORMAT
a sculpture or artwork made by pouring a liquid (for example molten metal or plaster) into a mold that then hardens when cooled or dried
CAST
a unique ratio of a line divided into two segments so that the sum of both segments (a + b) is to the longer segment (a) as the longer segment (a) is to the shorter segment (b). The result is 11.618
GOLDEN RATIO/GOLDEN SECTION
a reversed image, in which light areas are dark and dark areas are light (opposite of a positive)
NEGATIVE
an artwork comprising three panels, normally joined together and sharing a common theme
TRIPTYCH
an intaglio printmaking process that uses melted rosin or spray paint to create an acid-resistant ground
AQUATINT
an intaglio printmaking process that uses acid to bite (or etch) the engraved design into the printing surface
ETCHING
a wedge-shaped stone that is used to construct an arch
VOUSSOIRS
a freestanding pillar, usually circular in section Facade any side of a building, usually the front or
entrance
COLUMN
a structure, usually curved, that spans an opening
ARCH
originally referring to the hanging of pictures and arrangement of objects in an exhibition, it may also refer to an intentional environment created as a completed artwork
INSTALLATION
the part of a work between the foreground and the background
MIDDLE GROUND
the surface quality of a work, for example fine/coarse, detailed/lacking in detail
TEXTURE
a drastic difference between such elements as color or value (lightness/darkness) when they are presented together
CONTRAST
the part of a work depicted furthest from the viewer’s space, often behind the main subject matter
BACKGROUND
the distance between identifiable points or planes
SPACE
the regular or ordered repetition of elements in the work
RHYTHM
an arrangement of predictably repeated elements
PATTERN
a relief print made from a design cut into a block of wood
WOODCUT
the outermost line or implied line of an object or figure, by which it is defined or bounded
OUTLINE
the part of a work depicted as nearest to the viewer
FOREGROUND
the three basic colors from which all others are derived
PRIMARY COLORS
conveys meaning through resemblance to physical shape
PICTOGRAPHIC
a drastic difference between such elements as color or value (lightness/darkness) when they are presented together
CONTRAST
the overall design or organization of a work
COMPOSITION
the opposite of emphasis; it draws our attention away from particular areas of a work
SUBORDINATION
the optical effect caused when reflected white light of the spectrum is divided into separate wavelengths
COLOR
the lightness or darkness of a plane or area
VALUE
a line not actually drawn but suggested by the positions of elements in the work
IMPLIED LINE
a mark, or implied mark, between two endpoints
LINE
the center of interest or activity in a work of art, often drawing the viewer’s attention to the most important element
FOCAL POINT
the principle of drawing attention to particular content in a work
EMPHASIS