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🍃biology

sexual reproduction

type of reprduction that involves two parents that produce unique offspring

asexual reproduction

type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of egg and sperm cell, and thus requires only one parent (reproduction without having sex)

fission

when the body of an organism splits into two seperate individuals

hermaphrodite

when one organism is concidered both male and female

testes

male organ that produce sperm cells

seminiferous tubulus

tubes within the testes in which sperm cells develop

epididymis

cap-like structure on top of each testes in which sperm is stored temporarily

sperm ducts

tubes that lead sperm from th etestes towards the urethra

seminal vesicles

gland that produce fluid which nourishes sperm and enables them to swim

prostate gland

gland that produces additional fluid that nourishes sperm and enables them to swim

semen

sperm cells and fluid together

urethra

tube inside the penis that transports noth semen and urine out of the body

ejaculation

the process of semen passing out of the body

erectile tissue

spongy tissue that makes the penis erect when blood is pumped into it

ovary

paired almond sized organs in which egg cells develop

oviduct

tube like structure that transports the egg cell towards the uterus

uterus

hollow pear shaped organ with a muscular wall

cervix

narrow opening at the bottom of the uterus

birth canal

tube like structure through which a baby travels through during childbirth, also called the vagina

vulva

the area where the vagina is open to the outside

clitoris

sensitive organ above the urethral opening

inner labia

two inner folds of skin that surround and protect the vulva

outer labia

two outer folds of skin that surround the inner labia and protect the vulva

gland

organ that makes a substance to release into the body

target organ

a tissue or organ in which a hormone causes a reaction

puberty

the process of physical and mental changes in which a child matures into an adult

pituitary gland

special gland in the brain that produces hormones that start the production of sex cells

sex hormones

hormones that control the reproductive system

menopause

the time when woman stop menstruating and is no longer able to have babies

menstrual cycle

repetitive cycle that prepares a woman for pregnancy

follicle

structure within the ovaries that surround, nourish and protect developing egg cells

ovulation

the moment when the follicle ruptures and th egg is released in the oviduct

endometrium

the lining of the uterus containing bloodvessels and mucus

menstrual flow

also called menstruation; the monthly removal of the endometrium

oestrogen

hormone made by the ovares that causes the endometrium to thicken

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

hormone made by the pituitary gland that causes an egg to develop

progesteron

hormone made by the ovaries that maintains the endometrium

fertilisation

when the nucleus of the sperm fuses with the nucleus of the egg

zygote

a fertilised egg cell

fraternal twins

twins that have developed from two seperate zygotes

identical twins

twins that have developed from the same zygote, identical copies of eachother

pregnancy

the period of development from zygote to birth

cleavage

a number of cell divisions during which a zygote grows into a tiny hollow ball of cells

embryo

a dividing zygote

implantation

the process of the embryo attaching to / implanting into the endometrium

umbilical cord

the connection between the embryo and the placenta

placenta

organ that provides nutrients and oxygen and removes waste through the umbilical cord

chorion

thin outer membrane that forms a sac around the embryo

amnion

then inner membrane that forms a sac around the embryo

amniotic sac

two layered sac filled with fluid that protects the embryo

amniotic fluid

fluid in which the embryo floats, it acts as a cushion and stores some nutrients and waste

foetus

after two months in the pregnancy the embryo is called a foetus

labour

the process of giving birth

dilation

the widening of the cervix

expulsion

the process of the baby being pushed out of the uterus through the vagina and into the world

afterbirth

after the placenta detaches it leaves the mothers bodt along with the chorion and amnion

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