Astronomy
A scientific probing of the universe to derive the properties of CELESTIAL objects and the laws under which the universe operates
Astronomy
How old is the universe?
13.8 billion years
16-18
Two most abundant elements in the universe
Hydrogen and Helium
Science that studies the origin and evolution of universe
Cosmology
Four fundamental forces
Strong force, electromagnetic force, weak force, gravity
Explain the origin of the universe and suggest that the universe is part of an expanding system where all galaxies are moving farther away with each passing day.
Big bang theory
Big bang theory was first proposed by Belgian priest in 1920s
George's Lemaitre
Big bang theory was developed by _________ in the1940s
George Gamow
General relativity
Albert Einstein
Hubbles Law
Edwin Hubble
States that an observers view of the universe depends neither on the direction in which he looks or on his location
Cosmological principle
More stars and galaxies are formed
Expansion
Types of universe
Flat, closed, open, accelerating universe
Expansion slows down but never stops
Flat universe
Little gravity that outward expansion goes on forever
Open universe
States that. The universe has always been essentially the same as it is today and that it will continue that way forever
Steady state theory
Proponent of steady state theory
Fred Hoyle
Inflationary theory was developed in 1981 by
Alan Guth
Consist of collection of objects orbiting one or more central stars
Solar system
All things in the solar system comes from the sun
Fission theory-George Darwin 1984
Leftover radiation from Big Bang or the tie when the universe began.
The presence of this was predicted by the Bigbang Theory
Comic Microwave Background
dense, contracting and condensing mass of gas and dust in nebula in the early stage of star formation. (baby star)
Protostar
Internal structure of a star
Core, Radiation Zone, Convection zone
structure of star where energy in the form of gamma and X rays from the core is absorbed and reemirred by cillisions with atoms in this zone
Radiation Zone
structure of star, outer layer where energy is transferred through covection; hoot gas rises, cool gas sinks, creating circulation currents
Convention zone
extremely large collection of stars bound together by mutual gravitational attraction. Fundamental components for the structure of the universe.
Basic unit of universe
Galaxies
a part of Milky way galaxy that is crowded center
Nuclear Bulge
Part of Milky way Galaxy that is spherical distribution of star cluster
Halo
Types of Galaxies
Elliptical, Normal Spiral, Barred Spiral,Irregular
many stars are gathered into a nuclear bulge. Spiral arms extend directly from the central nucleus
(Adromeda, Whirlpool Galaxy, Sombrero Galaxy)
Normal Spiral
type of galaxy that has no regular geometric shape
Irregular
a model of the formation of the solar system Tha states that the planets formed from the gas and dust left over from the formation of the sun.
the widely accepted theory of the origin of the solar system
Protoplanet nebula model
Two model of the solar system
Geocetric and Heliocentric model
Earth-centered model. The earth was motionless and that the sun, moon, planets and stars revolved around the EArth, which was considered the center of the universe.
Geocetric Model
Proponent of the Geocetric Model
Claudius Ptolemy
proponent of Heliocentric model
Nicolas Copernicus
He refined the Heliocentric model.
Planets move in the path of an ellipse of certain dimensions
Johannes Kepler
laws describing the motion of the planets
Laws of Planetary motion
planets covers the same aa of space in the same amount of time no matter where it is in its orbit
Law of Equal Areas
Planets orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit; t2 alpha d3
Law of Harmonic Motion (Harmonic Law)
have physical and chemical characteristics resembling the earth in certain respects (Earth-like)
Terrestrial planets
four terrestrial planets
Mercury, venu, earth, mars
The living/blue planet
only planet with surface water
has atmosphere
Shae is oblate spheroid
Earth
the red planet
have 2 moons; Phobos and Deimos
has thin atmosphere
has 12 or more extinct volcanos
Mars
Largest planet
fastest rotating planet(only 10hrs)
covered with alternating band of clouds
has 4 largest moons (Galilean moons)
Jupiter
Planet with the lowest density
the ringed planet
Saturn
Jovian Planets are...
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
farthest planet from the Sun.Outermost planet
atmosphere is mainly hydrogen and Helium with some methane and mmoniaa
twin t uranus, blue and warmer
Neptune
Three Dwarf Planets
Ceres, Pluto, Eris
half of pluto diameter, largest satellite in relation to its parent planet; in synchronous orbit with pluto
charon
Ceres was discovered in 1801by Italian astronomer
Giuseppe Piazzi
second dwarf planet from the sun
observed successfully by C.W Tombaugh
Pluto
All objects that are not satellite but orbit the sun
Small solar system Bodies
sometimes refer to as minor planet
small rocky bodies found in the large gap between Mars and Jupiter
Asteroid
Largest Asterioid
Ceres
relatively high albedo; only asteroid which can be seen by naked eyes
Vesta
small celestial object composed of ice, dust, and rock that orbits sun and forms a glowing coma and tail when it approaches the sun
comets
part of comet that is composed of rocky or metallic material, as well as solid ices
Nucleus
Parts of comet that surrounds the nucleus
Head/coma
part of the comet that surrounds the coma, dissociation of water molecules
hydrogen cloud
a star, a self-luminous sphere of hot gas held together by gravity an energized by nuclear reaction in its core
Sun
Father of Modern Astronomy
Nicholas Copernicus
Part of the sun that is a visible surface of the sun
Photosphere
Part of the sun that is huge regions oof cooler material on the surface of the sun where the magnetic field is very internse, dark region
Sunspots
part of the sun where Oregon of prominence which is visible during a solar eclipse; layer of hotter gas above photosphere
Chromosphere color sphere
part of the sun, an outer solar atmosphere; a crown of light seen during a solar eclipse
Corona
stream of charge particles, mainly electrons and protons, that is constantly emitted by the sun and travels through the solar system; causes aurora and tails of comet
Solar wind
Earth's only natural satellite
brightest object in the night sky
fifth largest moon in solar system
has no water and no atmosphere
moon
feature of the moon that is a light-colored rock surface easily seen on the Moon
Lunar highlights
large flat areas much lower elevation than the highlands; smooth, dark areas
Maria
feature of the moon that streaks that surrounds craters that extend outward over the surface; pulvurized rock
Rays
Russian scientists-sent thee first dog,______, into space in 1957, to let them investigate the effects of space flight on a living rganisms
Laika
Leading to the successful 108-minute Earth orbit but Cosmonaut ___________ on 12 April 1961
Yuri Gagarin
Initiated in 1958, complete in 1963. United States first man - in -space program
Project Mercury
the project Tha goal is to orbit a manned spacecraft around the EArth. To recover both man and spacecraft safely
Project Mercury
The First American astronaut to travel into space aboard the Mercury capsule
Alan Shepard
Second American in Space
Virgil (Gus) Grissom
_________ carried the second generation of astronauts into Earth orbit for longer periods of time
Gemini capsule
the goal of this project is to test an astronauts ability to fly long duration missions up to two weeks. Understand how spacecraft could rendezvous and dock in orbit around the EArth and the moon
Project Gemini
________ took astronauts to the Moon, and the Lunar Module landed astronauts on the surface
Apollo capsule
Astronauts Virgil Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chaffee lost their lives when a fire swept through the command module
Apollo 1 Tragedy
On July 20, 1969, the ____________ crew successfully completed a crewed lunar landing and return to Earth
Apollo 11
The last mission wherein human traveled to the Moon
Apollo 17
First international partnership in space between American Apollo spacecraft dock with Russia Soyuz to test interoperability with rendezvous ad docking systems
Apollo-soyuz
served as a means of transport and support for astronauts as they move between Earth and the International Space Station
Space Shuttle
Failed during lift-off. A seal malfunctioned in the solid-rocket booster, causing the craft to explode 73seconds after launch
Challenger
Destroyed on February 1, 2003, during re-entry. A catastrophic failure occurred due to damage cause by foam that fell and struck the panels on the underside of the wing during launch
Columbia
To see if we ciuld survive o live in space
Mercury (1)
to see iwe could work and Rendezvous
Gemini (2)
Land safely and explore the moon
Apollo (3)
Cargo ship to transport into low Earth orbit
Shuttle (5-7)
Permanent Manned presence in Space Station space
International Space Station
launched on April 19,1971. The world's first space station
Salyut (Russian)
America's first experimental space station. 3 three man crews occupied _______ in 1973 and 1974.
Skylab (US)
________ means peace in Russian. Launched in 1986 as a new generation space station and successor to Salyut
Mir (Russian)
The single largest international aerospace project, involving the United States, canada, the 10 members of the European Space Agency, the United kingdrom, Japa, Russia and Brazil
International Space Station
successfully launched on October 4, 1957, by the Soviet Union. World's first artificial Satellite
Sputnik 1
The first successful mission to another planet when it flew by Venus on December 14, 1962
Mariner 2
followed up five years later, on Mariner 2s study of Venus with a closer look at the planets atmosphere
Mariner 5
mission journeyed to Mars-ming it's closest approach on July 15,1965. Took the first photos of another planet from space, one great success of the early American space program
Mariner 4
the first spacecraft to land successfully on Mars, launched on August 20, 1975
Viking 1
launched and traveled towards Jupiter. The first satellite to pass through an asteroid bet and take closeup pictures of Jupiter with its encounter within 81k miles spacecraft to obtain detailed images of Jupiter and its moons
Pioneer 10
mission to Venus. The first Planetary spacecraft to be launched from the space shuttle.
Magellan
The spacecraft had been a keystone of exploration of the saturnina system and the properties of gaseous planets in our solar system
Cassini-Huygens
a microsatelite designed in the Philippines. Deployed outside Japan's Kibo laboratory module for climate research to observe the Earth's climate to improve weatherforecasting and natural disaster response
Diwata 1
was brought to the International Space station (ISS) through the Space X Falcon 9 CRS-15 on June 29, 2018
Maya-1 (cubesat)
the second 50 kilogram Earth observation microsatelite of the Philippines
Diwata 2