🍃biology
sexual reproduction
type of reprduction that involves two parents that produce unique offspring
asexual reproduction
type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of egg and sperm cell, and thus requires only one parent (reproduction without having sex)
fission
when the body of an organism splits into two seperate individuals
hermaphrodite
when one organism is concidered both male and female
testes
male organ that produce sperm cells
seminiferous tubulus
tubes within the testes in which sperm cells develop
epididymis
cap-like structure on top of each testes in which sperm is stored temporarily
sperm ducts
tubes that lead sperm from th etestes towards the urethra
seminal vesicles
gland that produce fluid which nourishes sperm and enables them to swim
prostate gland
gland that produces additional fluid that nourishes sperm and enables them to swim
semen
sperm cells and fluid together
urethra
tube inside the penis that transports noth semen and urine out of the body
ejaculation
the process of semen passing out of the body
erectile tissue
spongy tissue that makes the penis erect when blood is pumped into it
ovary
paired almond sized organs in which egg cells develop
oviduct
tube like structure that transports the egg cell towards the uterus
uterus
hollow pear shaped organ with a muscular wall
cervix
narrow opening at the bottom of the uterus
birth canal
tube like structure through which a baby travels through during childbirth, also called the vagina
vulva
the area where the vagina is open to the outside
clitoris
sensitive organ above the urethral opening
inner labia
two inner folds of skin that surround and protect the vulva
outer labia
two outer folds of skin that surround the inner labia and protect the vulva
gland
organ that makes a substance to release into the body
target organ
a tissue or organ in which a hormone causes a reaction
puberty
the process of physical and mental changes in which a child matures into an adult
pituitary gland
special gland in the brain that produces hormones that start the production of sex cells
sex hormones
hormones that control the reproductive system
menopause
the time when woman stop menstruating and is no longer able to have babies
menstrual cycle
repetitive cycle that prepares a woman for pregnancy
follicle
structure within the ovaries that surround, nourish and protect developing egg cells
ovulation
the moment when the follicle ruptures and th egg is released in the oviduct
endometrium
the lining of the uterus containing bloodvessels and mucus
menstrual flow
also called menstruation; the monthly removal of the endometrium
oestrogen
hormone made by the ovares that causes the endometrium to thicken
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
hormone made by the pituitary gland that causes an egg to develop
progesteron
hormone made by the ovaries that maintains the endometrium
fertilisation
when the nucleus of the sperm fuses with the nucleus of the egg
zygote
a fertilised egg cell
fraternal twins
twins that have developed from two seperate zygotes
identical twins
twins that have developed from the same zygote, identical copies of eachother
pregnancy
the period of development from zygote to birth
cleavage
a number of cell divisions during which a zygote grows into a tiny hollow ball of cells
embryo
a dividing zygote
implantation
the process of the embryo attaching to / implanting into the endometrium
umbilical cord
the connection between the embryo and the placenta
placenta
organ that provides nutrients and oxygen and removes waste through the umbilical cord
chorion
thin outer membrane that forms a sac around the embryo
amnion
then inner membrane that forms a sac around the embryo
amniotic sac
two layered sac filled with fluid that protects the embryo
amniotic fluid
fluid in which the embryo floats, it acts as a cushion and stores some nutrients and waste
foetus
after two months in the pregnancy the embryo is called a foetus
labour
the process of giving birth
dilation
the widening of the cervix
expulsion
the process of the baby being pushed out of the uterus through the vagina and into the world
afterbirth
after the placenta detaches it leaves the mothers bodt along with the chorion and amnion