Forensic science review
what is forensic science
the application of science to law; biology, chemistry, pysics, geology, and computer technology: uses science to enforce laws
what was the first system of identification
anthropometry- uses sereies of body measurments to identify people.
who was the ''father of fingerprints"
francis galton
explain locard's exchange principle
explains that there will always be a cross- transfer of evidence that occurs between criminal, victim, and crime scence. No matter how careful the criminal, he/she will leave behind some form of evidence
what year was DNA profiling devloped
1985
crime lab
an enviroment where the principles adn techniques of the physical and natural sciences are practiced and applies to the analysis of crime scene evidence
what illegal activity has caused an increase in need for crime labs
the increased amount of drug use
what are the five federal agencies that have crime labs
federal bureau of investigation (FBI), Drug enforcement administration, ATF- bureau of alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives, united states postal inspection services (USPIS), dept. of homeland security
what is the major difference between the police department and the sheriff's office
the police department is mainly in charge of their city and town as the sheriff's office is in charge of counties and has more jurisdiction and legal requirement
which crime lab unit analyzes toolmarks
the firearms unit
compare and contrast the toxicology unit and the pathology unit
toxicology unit is the examiniaton of body fulids and organs to determine the presence or absence of drugs and poisons as the pathology unit is the analysis of blood, urine, and tissue samples to examine and diagnosis disease.
what is the role of the crime scene investigator
law enfrocement officer who has additional training in collecting and preserving crime scene evidence
what is meant by an "expert witness"
an individual whom the court determines to have knowledge relevant to the trial that is not expected of the average person
what are the responsibilites of a forensic scientist
is responsible for the scientific evaluation of the evidence in an crime scene
four level of government with some form of crime lab
federal, state, county, and municipal
application of chem, pysics and geology
pysical science unit
examination of blood, har, fivers and vegiative
biology unit
examination of bullets, casing, shell and ammunition
firearms unit
dispatched trained personnel to the cirme scene
the evidence collection unit
list 3 functions of the forensic scientist
collecting evidence, analyzing evidence, and communication with law enforcement
define rigor mortis
muscles become relaxed then rigid; occurs within the first 24 hours of death adn disapperas within 36 hours after death
which federal agency overseees production, sale adn traspostation of illegal drugs
the drug enforcement administration
which federal agency oversees tobacco and firearm sales
the ATF
which crime lab unit examines body fluids and organs
the toxicology unit
which crime lab unit administers the lie detector test
the polygraph unit
which crime lab unit analyzes spent bullets and shells
the firearms unit
whcih crime lab collects and preserves the physical evidence
evidence collection unit f
which specialy area identifies skeletal remains
forensic anthropology
which specialy area is respobsible for determing compentency to stand trial
forensic pathology
which specialy area is responsible for failure analysis
fire investigation
list 10 items on a death cerificate
name, address, sex, DOB, birth place, place of death, city and county of dealth, in military?, marital status, and name of surviving spouse.