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Transcription and Translation Study Guide

Definition : Helicase

unzip/unwind the DNA molecule

Definition : DNA Polymerase

brings in new nucleotides

Definition : Ligase

zips the DNA back together

Two processes of Protein Synthesis

Transcription and Translation

Transcription : Where does it happen?

In the nucleus

Translation : Where does it happen?

In the ribosomes

Central Dogma

DNA->/Transciption/->mRNA->/Translation/->Protein

4 Nitrogenous Bases in DNA

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

4 Nitrogenous Bases if RNA

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine

Messenger RNA (mRNA) - Responsibility?

Carries genetic info from DNA to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - Responsibility?

Associates with protein to form the ribosome.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) - Responsibility?

Transport amino acids to the ribosome.

Operon

the “switch” to turn on/off transcription

Promoter

DNA site that promotes RNA polymerase to bind

Repressor

molecule that binds to DNA to block transcription

Inducer

molecule that takes repressor away

Codon

the three-based code in DNA or mRNA

Anticodon

the three-based coding sequence in the tRNA

Intron

non-coding DNA segment transcribed but no translated

Exon

coding DNA segment transcribed and contributes to mRNA

Synthesis

production of molecules, eg., DNA or proteins

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