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Psych Final

any action that can be observed or measured

Behavior

to explain behavior, to predict behavior, to control behavior

Overall goal of psychology

the scientific study of the human mind and its functions

Psychology

a basic truth or law

Principles

the inner concept of knowing what is right and wrong

Morality

means “looking within” and is an examination of our own thoughts and feelings

Introspection

the study of observable behavior

Behaviorism

focuses on the link between biology and behavior

Biological Perspective

focuses on how our thoughts determine our behavior

Cognitive Perspective

focuses on how behavior and mental processes adapt and progress over time

Evolutionary Perspective

for a study to have any validity, other researchers need to be able to follow the same steps and come up with the same results

Study Replication

a small group of people chosen to be a representative sample of a target population

Sample

a measure of the relationship between two variables

Correlation

when two variables increase together

Positive Correlation

when one variable increases and the other decreases

Negative Correlation

does not get the treatment and serves as a benchmark

Control Group

neither the researchers or the participants know who is getting the treatment and who is in the placebo group

Double-blind Studies

traumatic brain injuries that are caused by a blow, a penetrating injury, a bump, illness, etc.

TBIs

this debate looks at how much influence our rearing has on our future behavior, and how much our biological makeup has on our future behavior

Nature vs Nurture

brings on most memories

Sense of smell

this method is used when distinguishing sensory stimuli that takes into account not only the strength of the stimuli, but also such elements as setting and one's physical state

Signal-detection Theory

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information

Perception

the minimum amount of difference that can be detected between two stimuli

Difference Threshold

how high or low a sound is and is based on the cycles per second

Pitch

when our brains finish an image that’s incomplete

Closure

when our brains think of similar objects as belonging together

Similarity

when our brains assume that people or things moving together, belong together

Common Fate

dominant sense

Sight

refers to the idea of being aware that you’re a unique individual who is part of a GINORMOUS world

Sense of self

difficulty in falling and staying asleep

Insomnia

when breathing is interrupted during sleep

Sleep Apnea

an altered state of consciousness when people are highly suggestible and act as though they’re in a trance

Hypnosis

being aware of things inside ourselves

Direct Inner Awareness

biological clock

Circadian Rhythm

the awareness of things inside and outside ourselves

Consciousness

one function of sleep is to help form memories

Sleep and Memory Formation

occurs when a positive stimulus is used to counter a negative stimulus

Counter Conditioning

given after a desired behavior is witnessed in order to encourage a repeat behavior

Positive Reinforcers

increases the likelihood of a behavior being learned and repeated when they are removed

Negative Reinforcers

ones related to our basic needs because without them, we’d not survive or thrive

Primary Reinforcement

learning that takes place when people and other animals learn to behave in certain ways because of the results of previous experiences

Operant Conditioning

when a person learns simply through observing and imitating another’s behavior and actions

Modeling

a simple form of learning that happens automatically when two stimuli are linked in order to form a learned response from the association

Classical Conditioning

decrease the frequency of the behavior they follow because the consequence/punishment is unwanted and not pleasant for the learner

Punishment

occurs when we respond differently to unrelated responses

Discrimation

causes an automatic response

Unconditioned Stimulus

a learned stimulus

Conditioned Stimulus

learning that takes place after a single pairing of a response and a stimulus

One-trial Learning

learning that is hidden until we need it

Latent Learning

the more intense the stimuli, the more aware we are of it

Intense Stimuli

people dissociate in order to repress urges that they find unacceptable

Psychoanalytic Theory

means fear and phobic disorders relate to fears that people have of specific things

Phobias

ongoing, unchanging behaviors and traits that are a major disruption to a person’s personal life and potentially their work as well (10 total)

Personality Disorders

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