es
what is mineral?
•made up of rocks, and deep rock in mantle
•formed through geological process that is crystalline solid
•element and compound
example of mineral?
silver, quartz, halites
is mineral reflective or not?
reflective
non mineral
dull
physical properties of minerals
habit
luster
cleavage and fracture
hardness
color
streak
others
what is habit?
overall shape and growth
3 types of habit
equant
elongate
platy
what is equant?
same lenght same shape
cube/ sphere
ex. garnet
what is elongate?
prism like (pencil)
what is platy?
flattened and thin crystals
what is luster?
appearance with light reflection
2 types of luster?
metallic and non metallic
what is metallic?
opoque(solid color) reflective
ex. gold and silver
what is non metallic?
dull, greasy and silky
ex. silicates
what is cleavage and fracture?
cleavage is the tendency of an object to be broken in smooth surface
fracture broken in random or irregular surface
hardness
resistance of scratching
mohs scale
1.talc
2.gypsum
3.calcite
4. fluorite
5.apatite
6. ortholite
7.quartz
8.topaz
9. corundum
10. diamond
color
obvious appearance
not reliable
streak
powdered form
more reliable
magnetism
some attach to hand magnet like magnetite
striation
this parallel grooves
chemical properties of minerals
1.natural elements
2.silicates
3.oxides
4.sulfides
5.sulfates
6.halites
7.carbonates
8.phosphates
9. mineraloids
natural elements
made of pure elements
ex. gold
silicates (silica)
silicon, oxygen, metals
ex. feldspar
oxides (oxygen)
oxygen, metals
ex. magnetite
sulfides (powdered)
sulfur, metals
ex. pyrite
alloy metals
mixture of metals
halites
halogen, metals
ex. salt
carbonates
carbon, oxygen, metals
ex. dolomite
phosphate
phosphorus, oxygen
ex. apatite
mineraloid
if not fit to 8 properties
ex. amber
types of rocks
sedimentary
igneous
metamorphic
sedimentary
recyclers
they recycle old rocks to form new rocks
3 types of sedimentary rocks
classic sedimentary rocks
chemical rocks
biochemical/organic
classic sedimentary rocks
common rocks
ex. sand stone
under classic rocks
generation
transportation
lithification
*generation
weathering
*transportation
erosion
*lithifiaction
new rocks
chemical rocks
evaporites (precipitated minerals)
ex.limestone
biochemical/organic
remains of living organisms
ex. coal/chalk
igneous
"ignis" fire
originated from cooled magma
2 types of igneous rocks
volcanic
plutonic
volcanic
magma rising to earth's surface
plutonic
magma below earth's surface
3 magma types igneous rocks
basaltic magma
andesitic magma
rhyolitic magma
basaltic magma
partial melting parts of atmosphere
andesitic magma
partial melting of mantle rocks with water
rhyolitic magma
melting of parts of continental crust
metamorphic rocks
form from existing rocks
turn metamorphic when they are subjected to very high heat and pressure
metamorphism
process of changes in mineral
composition and texture that can occur in any solid
rocks
Changes can be due to increasing temperature
that are enough to promote chemical reaction and enough to cause melting
200 degree Celsius-1100 degree Celsius
2 types of metamorphism
a. Contact metamorphism
b. Regional metamorphism
regional metamorphism
Foliation is produced
when tabular minerals grow perpendicular to the
direction of pressure.
contact metamorphism
Changes due to
increase in temperature where rocks come
in contact with heat source (e.g. magma
chamber).