Africanna Studies: Ancient Christian ✝️ Nubia
__?__ was the last surviving Kingdom of the 16th Century C.E intil the Arab's furthered invasion . Abdallah Jamma was the head of the Arab Confederation who commandeered the mass destruction of Soba , the Capital of Alodia . Eventually , the Funj Sultanate controlled Alodia marking the terminus of its sovereign independence in post 16th Century C.E. Fill in the blank.
Alodia
Bordering along the Chari River ,and South of Lake Chad 🇹🇩, the Sao Civilization evolved around the Sixth Century B.C. . Its existence spanned from 500 B.C. to 1599 A.D. It was contemporaneous of the Christian ✝️ Nubian Civilization. Archaeological fossils and artifacts confirmed the Sao people as the primongenitor . Their earliest ancestors left trace of footprints 👣 along the neoteric Cameroon 🇨🇲. The Sao artifacts embody a rich treasure tropes of artisanal Potter's Bronze Sculptures , Terra Cotta status of both humans and mammals , funerary urns , jewelry, javelin spears , and household utensils. The excavation site reveals its ancestral relics in the region south of Lake Chad . What neoteric people claim descent from the Sao ?
Sara People
By the 15th Century C.E. , there was an augmented acceleration of __?__ immigration into the faltering Christian ✝️ Nubia . Islamization and Arabization ensued . The pattern of Racial amalgamation unfurled between the indigenous African Nubian and the Arabs . The Arabs continued to introduce Arab's culture , Linguistics , and customs . By the 16th Century C.E , the Islamization of Makuria and Nobatia officiated .
Arab's
In the 16th Century C.E , the __?__ began its territorial expansion by absorbing Nobatia after 3 Centuries of peaceful coexistence . There was a religious proselytization and conversion to Monophysite Christianity ( 500 A.D. - 600 A.D. ) . Their Church published the written Vulgate in Coptic then Greek and finally Old Nubia ( A Nilo - Saharan Linguistics ) . It aligned with the Egyptian Coptic Church ☦️.
Makuria
In the wake of the Aksumite King , Ezana's , conquest of Meroe and the expurgation of the Meroites in 350 A.D. , the forlorn migrants commenced a hegira southward .They established the 3 Christian ✝️ Nubian Kingdoms: Makuria as situated above the 3rd cataract. Its eponymous Capital , Dongola , named after the nearby Dongola Reach ; Nobatia as situated North of the Cataract and its Capital was Faras ; and Alodia straddled south of the cataract and made Soba as its Capital . These Kingdoms existed along the neoteric Sudan 🇸🇩 and then spanned from 350 A.D. to 1599 A.D.
3 Nubian Kingdoms: Post Hegira
Makuria was one of the Christian ✝️ Nubian Kingdoms that spanned from 350 A.D to 1500 A.D. What was the Capital of this Kingdom ?
Dongola
Monophysite : Merriam Webster defines Monophysite as "... One holding the Doctrine that Christ has a single inseparable nature that is ...Divine and human rather than having 2 distinct but unified nature's ..." Christian ✝️ Nubia of the 6th Century C.E adopted this religion called what ?
Monophysite Christianity ✝️
Pertaining to or relating to and descent tracing via the Maternal line .
Matrilineal .
The 13th Century C.E. marked as the beginning of the sunderance for Christian Nubia ✝️ . Its Glory since the 4th Century C.E came to a close . The Church of Nobility saw and witnessed the diminution of the Monarchical authority in both sects . Yhe Arab Bedouin tribes continued to Marshall Its infiltration and colonization of Black Nubia . By 1366 A.D. , Christian ✝️ Nubia descended into petty fiefdoms in the wake of Egyptian M__?__'s dudden irruption .
Mamluk
The Arabs of the Rashidun Caliphate staged a conquest of Byzantine Egypt 🇪🇬 in 641 A.D. They also occluded and blocked both Aksum Empire and Christian Nubia from the Mediterranean Christendom . From 651 A.D. to 652 A.D. , the avaricious Arabs invaded Christian ✝️ Nubia and , however , encountered the Nubian Archers' resistance. This led to the __?__Treaty ( or Bakt ) in the Arab's recognition of Christian ✝️ Nubia Sovereignty and trade regulation . This International accord spanned for 600 years of controlled International Diplomacy between Christian ✝️ Nubia and Islamic Egypt 🇪🇬.
Baqt Treaty
The domain controlled by a Feudal Lord ; An organization controlled by a dominant person or group .
Fiefdom
Ta Seti Chiefdom ( 3500 B.C - 3100 B.C. )
Sai Kingdom ( 3000 B.C. - 1700 B.C. )
Kingdom of Kerma ( 3000 B.C. - 1050 B.C. )
The Kush ( 3000 B.C. - 730 B.C. ) & Meroe ( 730 B.C - 350A.D. ) These aforementioned powerful states were all African Kingdoms with the exception of the former Chiefdom , which dichomized into smaller Kingdoms. The Chiefdom action occurred in the wake of the self proclaimed Egyptian Pharaoh's Unification of Upper Egypt 🇪🇬 and Lower Egypt. Yet , all of them were known, collectively , by this phraseology : Ancient Nu___?__ .
Ancient Nubia
The cultural fluorescence of this particular society emerged around 1,000 B.C. Its culture materialized along the Jos Plateau terrain . The Terra Cotta were sculptural representation of both humans and pachyderm elephant 🐘. 500 B.C. mobilized the technological advancement of invented furnace . This stimulated the prolific surfeit of argillaceous Potter's and Kaolin crafts . Artisans alongside the Nokite society floundered into an evanescent state . 200 A.D. marked as an Epochal Era of dissolution and evanescence. The successive cultures of Yoruba of Ife & Binkins of Benin 🇧🇯 ensured the cultural preservation via the Bronze Smelting figurines .
Nok Culture
The first four Dynasty Pharaohs were Nubian Kings with Negroid physiognomy . Beginning with Narmer ( Menses ) to Khufu ( Cheop ) , these Dynastic rulers had African and Negroid features and bone structure. This also true of the 25th Dynasty.
Pharaoh's Racial Physiognomy
The pulchritude of Ancient African Rupestrian Aesthetics began its cultural evolution and naissance around 24,000 B.C. . Archaeogists estimated fossilized evidence of Rock painting at the Apollosite in Africa. Where was it exactly ?
Namibia 🇳🇦