chapter 19
the scala naturae
the greek philosophers fixed ladder of complexity of organisms
humans naturally at the top, and invertebrates on the bottom
Carolus Linnaeus
founded taxonomy
while god created things, Linnaeus classified them
fossils
laid groundwork for darwin
found in sedimentary rock layers, strata
classified by the chronologized layers of earth
Georges Cuvier
french naturalist in the 18th century
developed paleontology
advocated catastrophism suggesting that each layer of the earth represented a catastrophe in history
was cancelled because he suggested there were more catastrophes in earths history than Noah's ark needed to explain the diversity of life
james hutton
scottish geologist in the 16th century
along with Lyell, perceived that changes in earths surface can result from slow, continuous processes that still operate today
challenged the church by developing the concept of deep time, or geological time so he also got cancelled
Charles Lyell
english geologist
along with hutton, perceived that changes in the earths surface can result from slow, continuous processes still operating today
principle of uniformitarianism
uniformitarianism
mechanisms of change are constant over time
strongly influences darwin
developed by charles lyell
jean-baptiste lamark
first evolutionist
hypothesized that species evolve through use and disuse of body parts and the inheritance of acquired characteristics
his work was not exactly correct so he's largely disregarded, but he was on the right track
descent with modification
explains the adaptations of organisms and unity and diversity of life
charles darwin was born
february 12th 1809
as a kid darwin was
always interested in nature and animals
darwin started his education at
university of edinburgh for medicine
darwin finished his education at
cambridge university studying theology
captain robert fitzroy
captain of the HMS Beagle
principles of geology
written by charles lyell, influenced darwin on his journey on the beagle
the galabagos archipelago
islands where beagle spent 5 weeks
home of the galapogos finches
galapagos finches
helped darwin establish the environmental adaptations organisms make
the origin of species
published 1859 by Charles Darwin
explains 2 major ideas
1) descent with modification explains the unity and diversity of life
2) natural selection is the cause of adaptive evolution
descent with modification
veiw that all organisms descended from a singular common ancestor
phylogeny trees
represent tree of life
branches represent modification in the organism ie a new species
alfred russell wallace
came up with the same theories as darwin just later on, so their work was published at the same time so to not discredit one another
father of biogeography
darwin and artificial selection
darwin examined how farmers created desirable crops and animals and experimented himself with pigeons
the 4 observations that lead to darwins theory of natural selection
1. populations have diverse traits
2. traits are inherited
3. species are capable of creating more offspring than what the environment can support
4. because of the lack of support from the environment, many excess offspring die off
the 2 inferences that lead to darwins theory of natural selection
1) individuals with favorable traits survive and reproduce more
2) the unequal distribution of survival leads to desirable traits prevailing over others
thomas malthus
noted the potential of humans to increase population faster than the environment could keep up
darwin took this idea
the process of adaptation
if some heritable traits are advantageous, they will accumulate in a population and become frequent in individuals in that population
the match between organisms and their environment can be explained by
the process of adaptation
rules for evolutionary change
1) individuals must vary in reproductive success
2) some variation in the trait must be heritable
3) trait must be correlated with reproductive success
individuals do not evolve t or f
true
populations evolve over time
darwins theories according to mayr
1) evolution
2) common descent
3) multiplication of species
4) gradualism
5) natural selection
which theory was darwin partially wrong about
gradualism
a theory
a well verified explaination based on a body of facts that have been well tested
explains why something happens
a law
more algorithmic than a theory
explains how something happens
what does a theory do
makes life easier for scientists
compresses the data of the world
what are the 4 lines of scientific evidence for evolution
1) evolution is directly observable
2) homology
3) fossil record
4) biogeography
vestigial structures are an example of
homology
the trinidad guppies helped show what
evolution is directly observable
continental drift is an example of what
biogeography
convergent evolution
an example of homology
evolution of similar or analogous features in distantly related groups
| Quiz |
|---|
| spelling words |
| spelling words eli |
| Metabolism |
| KINE1102- midterm lecture 3 |
| biologie: planten |
| 6003 OS & Appl Security Week 7 Service Security Conceptsexam Practice |
| adjectives - JPN |
| Blood quiz - copy |
| Español Examen |
| Literary Terms C |
| tj judet onsdag |
| maths revison |
| Science-Biology |
| UE7-la vaccination toute une histoire |
| compounds mixtures and chemical change |
| introduction to elements |
| Presentation 1 |
| psychological explanations for offending behaviour |
| lärande och utveckling 3 |
| Imunoimuno |
| Blood quiz |
| Name the formulas |
| Set 5 Vocab |
| Nonfiction text features |
| 6003 OS & Appl Security week 7 Windows ServicesExam Study |
| 1.1 Nature of Economics |
| TKMB |
| sciencebb |
| Physical science quiz |
| chapter 1history if life, evolution, typological and population thinking |
| states of matter |
| no |
| KINE1102 midterm lecture 2 |
| Latin |
| WHF 2 |
| 4.8 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| KINE1102 midterm |
| home work |
| 4.6 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| öva mera på |
| 4.4 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| 4.2 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| nytt mag o tarm glosor test 4 |
| French and British Fur Trade: Chapter 4squiggle |
| social feb 22 |
| Computer Science1..4.2 |
| UE7-Paléoanthropologie: aux origines de l'Humanité |
| Franska prepositioner |
| 4.1 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| Computer Science1.4.1 |
| Cell Biology 25 (Manual flashcards) |
| Cell Biology 25 |
| Computer Science1.1.2 |
| Philo |
| Apah africa people-artworks |
| temptations |
| missouri laws |
| B1 |
| A321-200 |
| Katakana Combination QuizKatakana combinations sounds to practise |
| anouk |
| 4 kirja |
| french |
| science review A |
| W&S |
| Socio |
| Les vêtement Par Sylvia Duckworth |
| marketing |
| Vocab |
| TLE |
| Cognition 2 |
| Quiz - système lymphatique et immunitaire |
| Quiz au sujet du sang et le coeur |
| EXPH exam 2 |
| Elliot Sokoloski |
| espagnol |
| bb |
| Ali |
| Nk |
| gabby |
| history in gaza |
| history conflict in gaza |
| komparerade adjektiv |
| Chapter 12- The Heart |
| adjektiv B |
| adjektiv A |
| Chapter 4 health science |
| deklination 4 |
| grupp 15 nominativ singular till genitiv singular |
| deklination 3 grupp 15 |
| deklination 3 grupp 9 |
| deklination 3 grupp 8 |
| deklination 3 grupp 7 |
| deklination 3 grupp 4 |
| deklination 3 grupp 3 |
| deklination 3 grupp 1 |
| fortsättning deklaration 2 |
| deklination 2 |
| Macbeth quotes |
| deklination 1 |
| chapter 4+5 |
| Biologie lab 2 |
| Othello's character |
| Desdemona / Othello |
| Psychology Midterm |
| Biologie Lab 1 |
| Allotropes of CarbonAllotropes are different structural forms of the same element in 5he same physical stats. |
| Unit 2 Animal Diversity |
| unit d - macromolecules |
| Test 1 |
| révision France: une nouv place dans le monde |
| jannelle monae - turntables |
| fluently |
| provflflf |
| M.T. |
| Test your knowledge |
| CHAPTER 2: THE STRUCTURES OF GLOBALIZATION IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD |
| Molecules with Hydrogen (Memorize) - type answer |
| Molecules with Hydrogen (Memorize) |
| Au XVe et XVle siècle, les européens organisent plusieurs expéditions pour explo |
| INTRODUCTION QUIZ IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD |
| Knowledge Test NJ - Advanced |
| Anthro Quiz |
| Lab Equipment |
| Gut Brain Axis |
| Digestive System |
| glossary 2 |
| Spanish M2- travel |
| history 6 |
| David |
| En la ciudad |
| mmpm |
| it mangaement 4-6 |
| Computational and Systems Neuroscience |
| actors |
| german 18 |
| A330-300 - copy |
| Dugga |
| Unit 6 del 2 |
| Rullmat Lus6 |
| 90 Day words |
| Spanish |
| m2 |
| Unit 6 del 1 |
| Spaans: beroepen |
| Psykologi |
| Rullmat Lus5 |
| RullMat Lus4 |
| RullMat Lus3 |
| The returned (french show) |
| RullMat Lus1 |
| ALLEMAND 3 |
| RullMat Lus2 |
| Aller |
| sat words |
| exercise |
| WC Hinduism test |
| Week 5- Skin Care 2: Electric & HF |
| First Aid - copy |
| The Founding Father'sGovernment |
| Pentecostalism in the USReligion |
| United States GovernorsGovernors |
| Week 4- Skin Care 2: Contagious Disorders, other disorders, Auto-immune Disorder |
| Wk 5 Skin Penetration |
| United States of America Road SystemsRoads |
| Railroad HistoryRailroad |
| Maryland Judicial SystemMaryland |
| Maryand GeographyMaryland |
| Maryland Zoning LawsZoning |
| Wk 3 Comedones, Disincrustation, Extractions |
| United States city populationState Government |
| State LegislaturesState |
| 13th Amendment casesLaw |
| Cases that Challenge US ConstitutionLaw |
| Employment LawEmployment Law |
| blodet |
| Church LawLaw |
| CitizenshipCitizenship |
| Week 3- Skin Care 2: intro to skin conditions |
| Constitutional AmendmentsUnited States Constitution |
| Local Government Typesnone |
| State Constitutionsnone |
| State Courtsstate |
| gas fundementals |
| United States Federal CourtsCourts |
| United States Federal JudiciaryCourts |
| UESCA Running Coach Certification - copyUESCA Running Coach Certification - copy |
| Periodic Table |
| physique |
| Inmuno |
| in Vivo and ex Vivo Imaging Techniques |
| sociologi |
| Bookie's Nutrition Quiz |
| Révision histoire guerre froide |
| panspermia em português |
| Abiogenese em portugues |
| Macro Economie |
| sociologi som vetenskap |
| شريعة اسلامية |
| Äbiogenesy |
| Biologie |
| Genetik |
| Environmental Science |
| First Aid - copy |
| Dangerous Goods - copy |
| Narkotika och psykisk ohälsa |
| Science Lab Safety symbols |
| First Aid |
| go fishing |
| Superhumans |
| Romarriket, Antiken |
| german 17 |
| Titles and Authors 2024 |
| Théorie de l'apprentissage examen mi-session |
| Koine Greek Ch. 24 Subjunctive Mood |
| Koine Greek Ch. 23 Perfect & Pluperfect Tenses |
| politique |
| Art |
| Glosor |
| EnglishStudy |
| Tina 🤪what is the ionzation energy ? |
| Chemistry |
| Hebrew Actions |
| Japanese (Restaurant Reponse Cards)Japanese phrases for restaurant interactions |
| 12th night |
| frans1 h3 |
| FAR Inventory |
| LOIRE |
| Radioactivity |
| pnf3 - kopia |
| Weimar and Nazi Germany History |
| NYA ZEELAND |
| pnf3 |
| VolcanoClassification of volcanoes, volcanoes style of eruption, types of volcanoes eruptions, classification of volcanoes, PHIVOLCS |
| VolcanoesEruptions of volcanoes, the philippines is located along the ring of fire, classification of volcanoes |
| 😭 |
| Sammansatta joner |
| kemi syror och baser |
| hff |
| sj judet onsdag |
| CHAPTER 2: ALFRED ADLER: Individual Psychology |
| 10-42 sWs |
| IR french verbs |
| ER french |
| INTRODUCTION QUIZ IN TOP |
| CHAPTER 1: SIGMUND FREUD PSYCHOANALYSIS |
| buss |
| vocabulary |
| Hebrew |
| Modalities |
| History (20th Century) |
| pedagogia |
| introduction |
