French and British Fur Trade: Chapter 4
What is an example of ethnocentrism
when the Europeans came to Canada, they tried their best to make their culture the bigger one
What was the primary goal of the Hudson Bay Company?
To make money
What roles did First Nations women play in the fur trade? (I.e. what kinds of things did they do?)
They prepared furs, worked on the forts, taught languages and other important things to the traders.
War ended in Europe in 1713. How did the Treaty of Utrecht affect New France?
The French colony of Acadia was given to Britan, changing the name to Nova Scotia
What role did Jean Talon play in the early history of New France?
He was the first intendant of New France
Jean Baptiste Colbert wanted New France to be part of a mercantile system. What did this mean?
He wanted to participate in the transport of goods from New France to France (the Mother Country) in turn for more money
After the destruction of the Wendat, what did Governor Frontenac do to get the fur trade moving again?
He sent Coureurs de Bois into the interior of the county to expand the trading system
What was the main role of the Jesuits in New France?
The Jesuits, as missionaries, they attempted to convert as many Indigenous people as
possible to Catholicism.
In light of the size of the territory involved with the French fur trade, what was the most important consideration for the French fur trade to succeed?
Transportation. It was the best.
The French and British took different views on how to run the fur trade. What are some of the main differences between how the British and the French pursued the fur trade?
French Fur Trade
The French king controlled the fur trade and used some of the profits to benefit the colony.
Coureurs de bois went into the interior to trade with First Nations; built relationships with First Nations people, especially the Wendat
French traders controlled trade along the St. Lawrence River and on the Great Lakes.
Coureurs de bois used the sturdy and lightweight birch bark canoe to transport trade goods and furs; voyageurs used York boats.
The French made use of First Nation knowledge of transportation routes.
Furs were transported to Montreal for shipment to Europe.
Due to the lengthy transport route, the French took two years to get furs to market in Europe.
English Fur Trade
The Hudson’s Bay Company controlled the fur trade for the sole purpose of making money.
English traders waited for First Nations trappers to bring the furs to them.
The English built forts along the shores of Hudson Bay at the mouths of major rivers draining Rupert’s Land.
First Nations hunters/trappers brought furs to English forts along the coast of Hudson Bay.
First Nations people were often employed at the posts performing many necessary functions.
Large supply ships could deliver heavy supplies directly to the English forts via the Atlantic Ocean, Hudson Strait and into the Bay. The Hudson’s Bay Company could get furs to England in one year.
What did the First Nations most likely see as the best part of their relationship with Europeans?
Metal goods from the Europeans
What was the most deadly impact of European contact on the First Nations?
Diseases
How did the barter system work?
To trade goods instead of money
Who were the American “free traders”?
Hardened Civil War veterans who moved from Montana to sell “whiskey” at
places like Fort Whoop-Up
What was the main economic system for the fur trade?
he barter system – exchanging goods for other goods
Who were the Nor’Westers?
Americans who travelled into the Northwest to take part in the fur trade. They
established the first fur-trading post in what is now Alberta. They were rivals to
traders from the Hudson’s Bay Company.
The Great Peace of Montreal
Three nations banned together to fight the _.
In 1701, 1300 delegates from 40 first nations arrived in ___________.
The French, their First Nation Allies, and the Haudenosaunee signed a peace treaty.
Haudenosaunee, ontreal