Utilisateur
eukaryotic (plant and animal), prokaryotic (bacteria)
prokaryotic are much smaller, eukaryotic contain membrane bound-organelles and a nucleus containing genetic material
peptidoglycan
found free within the cytoplasm as chromosomal DNA and plasmid DNA
small circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm and separate from the main DNA and they carry genes that provide genetic advantages
DNA molecules combined with proteins, they contain genes which provide the instructions for protein synthesis
1. replication of DNA and synthesis of organelles
2. mitosis
3. division of cell
a section of DNA which codes for a protein
it produces identical cells which all have the same genetic information and produces additional cells for growth and repair
has a tail and is very streamline, which helps it swim to the egg
producing an embryo that has the same genes as a patient
helps when skin is damaged and replaces wounded cells, helps with condition such as paralysis and diabetes
potential life is killed and there may be a shortage of donors/eggs
the movement of substances from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution with the use of energy from respiration
the spreading out of particles of any substance in solution, of particles of a gas, resulting in net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
a type of stem cell that can form many types of cells
the process where a cell becomes specialised to its function
an organelle that stores cell sap
a specialised structure found inside a cell
an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material of the cell and controls the activities of the cell
a partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell
an outer layer made of cellulose that strengthens plant cells
an organelle which is the site of photosynthesis
the difference in concentration between two areas
the lens you look through that initially magnifies the specimen
magnifies the lense further and allows the magnification to be changed
supports the slide with the specimen
how much bigger an image appears compared to the original object
the ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen
an organelle which is the site of respiration
a type of stem cell that can differentiate into many types of human cells
cells that are adapted to perform a specific function
a series of stages preparing the cell for division
interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis
the cell grows in size and synthesizes proteins and organelles needed for division, dna replication occurs, resulting in two identical copies of each chromosome then the cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis
the division of the nucleus where the duplicated chromosomes are separated and distributed into two nee nuclei
prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
the DNA condenses, becoming visible as chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down
the duplicated chromosomes line up along the center of the cell, also known as the equator or metaphase plate
sister chromatids, which are identical copied of chromosomes, separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by splindle fibers
the separated chromosomes reach the poles of the cell, a nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes and the cell begins to divide
this is the final stage where cytoplasm and cell membrane divide, resulting in two separate daughter cells.
to enable cells to replicate themselves, producing two identical daughter cells
an undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce many specialised cells of the same type
diffusion
respiration
mitochondria
photosynthesis
absorption of ions in plant roots and absorption of sugar in the small intestine