psychology approaches
behaviourist approach
a learning approach that suggests all children are born as tabula rasae learning through their interactions with their enviroment
biological approach
a learning approach that views hukan behaviour as a resuly of genetics and proposes that individual psychology stems from internal physiology
classical conditioning (behaviourism)
a form of learning which occurs by associating naturally occuring instinct with new stimuli thus creating a conditioned response
cognitive approach
A new learning approach which likens the human mind to a computer with internal mental process turning input into output
congruence (humanism)
ideal self and actual self are aligned
ego (psychodynamic)
develops after id and mediates between the desires of id and what is attainable part of the concious mind
id (psychodynamic)
the most primitive and selfish oart and only one present at birth mainly unconcious
superego (psychodynamic)
develops last and aims to be the moral component that encourages ego to attain perfection
operant conditioning (behaviourism)
teaching behaviours through actions and consequences either positive or negative
positive reinforcement (behavourism)
positive stimulus to increase certain behaviour
negative reinforcement (behaviourism)
reponse to negative stimulus in hope that negative stimulus will be removed
psychodynamic
describes human behaviour as a product of unconcious processes
defence mechanisms (psychodynamic)
strategies deployed by ego to protect the mind from feelings that may be overwhelming
free will (humanism)
the idea that we are in full control of our behaviour
humanism
an approach that presumes we are sll fundementally good and we have to strive for self actualisation
maslows hierachy of needs (humanism)
a theory that suggests humans have multiple needs that have to be achieved to reach self actualisation
self actualisation (humanism)
a persons full potential which is achieved when primary needs are met
repression (psychodynamic)
a defense mechanism utilised by the unconcious mind preventing thoughts reaching the concious mind
sublimation (psychodynamic)
defence mechanism where immoral desires are acted out in socially scceptsble ways